“…Moreover, as AMPs bind with bacterial membranes, ACPs can bind directly with the cancer cell walls due to their cationic and amphipathic nature ( Ma et al, 2019 ). It has been established that different from normal eukaryotic cell membranes which are made of uncharged neutral phospholipids, sphingomyelins, and cholesterol and are neutral in charge ( Zachowski, 1993 ; Doktorova et al, 2020 ), the surface of the cancer cells is net negatively charged because of increased proportions of anionic phosphatidylserine, heparan, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, O-glycosylated mucins, and sialylated glycoproteins ( Warren, 1974 ; Warren et al, 1979 ; Utsugi et al, 1991 ; Zwaal et al, 2005 ; Calianese and Birge, 2020 ; Brockhausen and Melamed, 2021 ; Hassan et al, 2021 ; Hugonnet et al, 2021 ). ACPs can selectively recognize cancer cells by electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged phospholipids on the surface.…”