Mucilage synthesis by in vitro cell culture in different species of Alyssum

Afshar, Bahareh; Golkar, Pooran

doi:10.5114/bta.2016.60778

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Mucilage was extracted from freeze-dried T2 calli alongside mature seeds. In line with previous findings 9,10,16 , the mass yield of material extracted from calli exceeded that extracted from seed in both species, but yield from both types of callus was comparable ( Figure 3A). As mucilage is predominantly polysaccharide 1 , monosaccharide profiling was used to assess the composition of callus-derived extracted material ( Figure 3B and 3C).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…It has been reported that mucilage produced from mucilaginous calli can be easily extracted to yield quantities significantly higher than seedderived mucilage. Recent work reported that calli derived from Plantago lanceolata 9 , P. ovata 10,11 , P. major 12 , Lepidium sativum 13,14 , Linum usitatissimum 15 and several Alyssum species 16 could produce significantly (up to 10) more mucilage than their respective…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Freeze-dried 8 week old calli were lightly ground using a mortar and pestle prior to mucilage extraction. In line with previous publications10,11,16 , mucilage was extracted from calli and seeds following the method of Sharma and Koul 24 with some modifications described by Cowley et al,25 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cellular debris, not mucilage polysaccharides, dominate extracts ofPlantago ovataandPlantago lanceolatacalli grownin vitro

Cowley

Betts

Burton

2020

Preprint

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IntroductionUpon wetting, seeds of many plant species produce a sticky gel coating called mucilage.Mucilage consists primarily of highly hydrophilic polysaccharides, whose composition differs greatly between species 1 .Seed mucilage has research significance as a tool to study polysaccharide biosynthesis 2 , industrial significance as food hydrocolloids 3 , and health applications as viscous dietary fibres 4 . Demand for mucilage-producing seeds like psyllium (Plantago ovata) often exceeds supply due to agronomic constraints and large requirements in industrial and pharmaceutical applications, and so alternate sources of mucilage polysaccharides, such as in vitro production, is desirable.Since early tissue culture experiments, increases in exogenous auxins were found to stimulate polysaccharide production 5-8 .Notably, calli of Arabidopsis thaliana stimulated with an exogenous auxin (2,4- AbstractMucilage is a hydrophilic mixture of polysaccharides produced by seeds of many species, and used in research, industrial processes and as human health supplements. As such, demand often outweighs supply. In recent years, several researchers have reported that mucilage can be produced efficiently from in vitro-cultured calli as a direct 'plant-less' alternative to seed mucilage; however, this mucilage has not been rigorously characterised. Here we replicate previously published culturing and extraction procedures and couple them with compositional analysis to determine whether the mucilage produced from Plantago ovata and P. lanceolata calli are similar to seed mucilage. Our monosaccharide profiling and microscopy show that, while calli derived from either seedling hypocotyls or roots yield more material than seeds using the same extraction techniques, the majority of extract mass is cellular debris. Debris polysaccharide composition was significantly different to seed mucilage from both species. Plant tissue culture as an alternative source of high yields of useful mucilage polysaccharides, at least by these and similar methods, is likely to not be possible.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

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Cellular debris, not mucilage polysaccharides, dominate extracts ofPlantago ovataandPlantago lanceolatacalli grownin vitro

Cowley

Betts

Burton

2020

Preprint

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“…This study demonstrated explants and plant growth-regulator concentrations at high mucilage synthesis by employment of desirable genotype. Our findings are consistent with those of Gupta et al [7], Mirmasumi et al [22] and Afshar and Golkar [29] who have obtained relatively large amount of mucilage compound as a secondary metabolite in undifferentiated calli of P. ovata, P. lanceolata and Alyssum species, than the seeds obtained by field grown plants, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The significant genetic variation observed for callusrelated traits. The genotypic dependence of callus growth rate were supported by previous studies on P. ovata [18] and P. major [29]. Moreover, CGR has been shown to be a strong genetic component in the callus cultures [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Experimental Paper. In vitro synthesis of mucilage in Plantago ovata Forsk affected by genotypes and culture media

2017

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Summary Introduction: Psyllium (Plantago ovata Forsk) is medicinally used mainly for its mucilage content. Objective: In the present study, an attempt was made to improve mucilage yield under in vitro callus culture using different genotypes, explants and culture media. Methods: The effects of a range of concentrations of plant growth regulators including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin (Kin) were evaluated on mucilage synthesis under in vitro culture using cotyledon, hypocotyl and seed explants. Fourteen genotypes originating from different geographical regions of Iran were used to evaluate their response to in vitro mucilage synthesis. Results: The highest rate of callus induction (76%) and callus growth rate CGR (0.38 mm/day) were induced on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l Kin and the hypocotyl explant. The results of analysis of variance showed significant genotypic differences for callus induction, CGR and mucilage content of callus and seeds. The mucilage content ranged from 0.38 to 0.08 (g/g DW) and 0.13 to 0.042 (g/g DW) for callus and seed, respectively. The superior callus induction (73%), CGR (0.45 mm/day) and mucilage content of callus (0.38 g/g DW) was denoted to Po1 genotype. The callus produced nearly three times more mucilage than the seeds using superior genotype (Po1). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that high efficiency of callus culture of P. ovata using hypocotyl explant accompanied by the exploration of genetic diversity are important to improve the yield of mucilage synthesis by in vitro callus culture.

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Modulation of callus growth and secondary metabolites in different Thymus species and Zataria multiflora micropropagated under ZnO nanoparticles stress

Mosavat

Golkar

Yousefifard

et al. 2019

Biotech and App Biochem

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Thymus species are aromatic plants with diverse applications in food industries and medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential effect of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) on callus proliferation and thymol and carvacrol production in three Thymus species, that is, T. vulgaris, T. daenensis, and T. kotschyanus, and Zataria multiflora. For this purpose, callus induction was performed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different plant growth regulators (PGRs). After optimization of callus growth, the effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs (100 and 150 mg L −1 ) were investigated. MS containing 2 mg L −1 of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg L −1 of kinetin (Kin) revealed significantly highest fresh weight (0.18 g) of callus in T.kotschyanus. Callus growth rate (0.079 mm day −1 ) was found highest in T. vulgaris under similar conditions. Moreover, highest callus induction (92.50%) was achieved by T. kotschyanus in MS containing 2.5 mg L −1 of 2,4-D. Regarding the highest content of thymol (22.8 mg L −1 ) and carvacrol (0.68 mg L −1 ) evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography, best results were achieved under 150 mg L −1 of ZnO NPs in T. kotschyanus and T. daenesis, respectively. This is simple and cost-effective method to be applied on industrial level for production of enhanced secondary metabolites content. potent chemical elicitors as signaling agents that effect a great diversity of physiological and biochemical processes in plant metabolism and plant secondary metabolites production [1,2]. NPs are capable of increasing cell membrane permeability, stimulating defensive mechanisms in plant cells, and subsequent increase in secondary metabolites content [2,3]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs as an inorganic micronutrient have a beneficial effect on plant growth, cell division, and structure and function of membrane because of their high electron mobility, large surface area, and catalytic activity [4]. Most of the recent studies are focused on the effects of NPs on seed germination [5], plant growth rate [6] physiological responses [3][4][5][6], and secondary metabolites production [2][3][4][5]. Recent studies have shown that plant growth, development, and physiology are significantly affected by NPs; however, their role on plant secondary metabolism, especially regarding callus culture, is still obscure [2]. The inclusion of NPs to tissue culture media could enhance

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Mucilage synthesis by in vitro cell culture in different species of Alyssum

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Cellular debris, not mucilage polysaccharides, dominate extracts ofPlantago ovataandPlantago lanceolatacalli grownin vitro

Cellular debris, not mucilage polysaccharides, dominate extracts ofPlantago ovataandPlantago lanceolatacalli grownin vitro

Experimental Paper. In vitro synthesis of mucilage in Plantago ovata Forsk affected by genotypes and culture media

Modulation of callus growth and secondary metabolites in different Thymus species and Zataria multiflora micropropagated under ZnO nanoparticles stress

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