Much lower prevalence of coronary calcium detected by electron-beam computed tomography among men aged 40-49 in Japan than in the US, despite a less favorable profile of major risk factors

Sekikawa, Akira; Ueshima, Hirotsugu; Zaky, Wahid R.; Kadowaki, Takashi; Edmundowicz, Daniel; Okamura, Tomonori; Sutton-Tyrrell, Kim; Nakamura, Yasuyuki; Egawa, Katsuya; Kanda, Hideyuki; Kashiwagi, Atsunori; Kita, Yoshiyuki; Maegawa, Hiroshi; Mitsunami, Kenichi; Murata, Kiyoshi; Nishio, Yoshihiko; Tamaki, Shinji; Ueno, Yoshiki; Kuller, Lewis H.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyh285

Cited by 48 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the post-war generation, levels of blood cholesterol in the Japanese have been reaching levels similar to those in Americans, according to recent national survey data in the U.S. and Japan [10][11][12] . In our study, among the post-war generation, several metabolic risk factor profiles were even better in American men than in Japanese men 13 , although American men were more obese than Japanese men.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…The research design and methods have been described in detail 13 . Briefly, we examined 100 men in Allegheny County, PA, U.S., aged 40-49, who volunteered for this study from June to October 2002, and 98 male Japanese residents in Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan, who were randomly selected using the Basic Residents' Register from May 2001 to December 2002.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The determinants of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels differ for American and Japanese men aged 40–49

Takamiya

Kadowaki

Zaky

et al. 2006

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Elevated plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels were associated with higher incidence of type II diabetes. Elucidating the determinants of PAI-1 in various ethnicities may help to understand the susceptibility to developing diabetes. The aim of our study was to compare PAI-1 levels between Americans and the Japanese in the post-war generation and to elucidate the determinants of the PAI-1 levels.

show abstract

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determinants of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels differ for American and Japanese men aged 40–49

Takamiya

Kadowaki

Zaky

et al. 2006

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the reason is unclear, various hypotheses have been proposed, e.g. low serum cholesterol levels in Japanese in 1980 compared with westernised countries [11], as well as levels of fish [26] or green tea intake [27] among the Japanese.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of elevated casual blood glucose level with coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of the Japanese population. NIPPON DATA80

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis High fasting blood glucose is one of the well-known risk factors for CHD. However, in certain settings, patients cannot always be expected to fast. For example, community screenings for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Japan are performed under non-fasting conditions to achieve high participation rates. Thus, we examined a representative cohort of the Japanese population (n=9,444, follow-up period 17.3 years) to clarify whether high casual blood glucose (CBG) can predict CVD mortality. Methods We defined CBG groups as follows: high CBG≥ 11.1 mmol/l or participants with a history of diabetes mellitus; borderline high, 7.77≤CBG<11.1 mmol/l; higher normal, 5.22≤CBG<7.77 mmol/l); and lower normal, CBG<5.22 mmol/l. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CHD, CVD and all-cause mortality were calculated. Results The crude CHD mortality rate was 0.84 per 1,000 person-years. Age-and sex-adjusted HRs for CHD mortality were high among participants with CBG levels ≥7.77 mmol/l, regardless of time since last meal. Multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CI) of CHD mortality in high and borderline high CBG groups were 2.62 (1.46-4.67) and 2.43 (1.29-4.58), respectively. Similar results were observed for both CVD Diabetologia (2008) and all-cause mortality. Even within the normal blood glucose range, each 1 mmol/l increase in CBG was associated with a statistically significant increase in the HR for CVD mortality (1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22). Population-attributable fractions of the combined groups of high and borderline high CBG for CHD, CVD and all-cause mortality were 12.0, 4.9 and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions/interpretation Increases in CBG, even within the normal range, predict CVD mortality.51:575-582 DOI 10.1007/s00125-007-0915-6 Electronic supplementary

show abstract

“…Our data on the time-related changes of medical expenditures during the follow-up period support these possible explanations, as there was a 232% increment in future expenditures of individuals with both risk factors compared with individuals with neither risk factor. The mean level of blood pressure is higher in Japan than in Western countries, 17,35,[37][38][39][40][41] despite a substantial decline in blood pressure during the past four decades. 42 In addition, the prevalence of smoking among Japanese men remains much higher compared with men in the West, [8][9][10]17,35,37,41,43 although there has been a trend for a decline in smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean level of blood pressure is higher in Japan than in Western countries, 17,35,[37][38][39][40][41] despite a substantial decline in blood pressure during the past four decades. 42 In addition, the prevalence of smoking among Japanese men remains much higher compared with men in the West, [8][9][10]17,35,37,41,43 although there has been a trend for a decline in smoking. 42 As a result, approximately 70-80% of Japanese men have hypertension and/or a smoking habit, 16,23 which would directly contribute to as much as 20% of the entire medical expenditures in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical expenditures of men with hypertension and/or a smoking habit: a 10-year follow-up study of National Health Insurance in Shiga, Japan

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hypertension and smoking are major causes of disability and death, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, where there is a high prevalence of a combination of these two risk factors. We attempted to measure the medical expenditures of a Japanese male population with hypertension and/or a smoking habit over a 10-year period of follow-up. A cohort study was conducted that investigated the medical expenditures due to a smoking habit and/or hypertension during the decade of the 1990s using existing data on physical status and medical expenditures. The participants included 1708 community-dwelling Japanese men, aged 40-69 years, who were classified into the following four categories: 'neither smoking habit nor hypertension', 'smoking habit alone', 'hypertension alone' or 'both smoking habit and hypertension.' Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of X140 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of X90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medications. In the study cohort, 24.9% had both a smoking habit and hypertension. During the 10-year follow-up period, participants with a smoking habit alone (18 444 Japanese yen per month), those with hypertension alone (21 252 yen per month) and those with both a smoking habit and hypertension (31 037 yen per month) had increased personal medical expenditures compared with those without a smoking habit and hypertension (17 418 yen per month). Similar differences were observed even after adjustment for other confounding factors (Po0.01). Japanese men with both a smoking habit and hypertension incurred higher medical expenditures compared with those without a smoking habit, hypertension or their combination.

show abstract

Much lower prevalence of coronary calcium detected by electron-beam computed tomography among men aged 40-49 in Japan than in the US, despite a less favorable profile of major risk factors

Abstract: Much lower prevalence of coronary calcium despite a less favourable profile of many major independent risk factors in the Japanese might imply that there are strong protective factors against atherosclerosis in the Japanese. Further investigation is of critical importance.

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

The determinants of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels differ for American and Japanese men aged 40–49

The determinants of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels differ for American and Japanese men aged 40–49

Relationship of elevated casual blood glucose level with coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a representative sample of the Japanese population. NIPPON DATA80

Medical expenditures of men with hypertension and/or a smoking habit: a 10-year follow-up study of National Health Insurance in Shiga, Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About