MU radar head echo observations of the 2011 October Draconids

Kero, Johan; Fujiwara, Yasunori; Abo, Makoto; Szasz, Csilla; Nakamura, Takuji

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21255.x

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The Geminid initial velocity and altitude trend is very similar to the trend found for the 2011 October Draconid meteors (Kero et al, 2012a). On the other hand, while the initial detection altitudes of the Geminids are comparable to the altitudes of sporadic meteors of the same velocity, the initial altitudes of the MU radar October 2011 Draconids were systematically higher.…”

Section: Geminid Velocity and Initial Altitudesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, only a few observations of shower meteors have hitherto been published (e.g. Chau and Galindo, 2008;Kero et al, 2011Kero et al, , 2012a.…”

Section: Meteor Head Echo Radar Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kero et al (2012b) give an initial overview of the whole data set including radiant density and orbital properties of sporadic meteors. Kero et al (2011Kero et al ( , 2012a previously reported measurements. The MU radar beam was pointed in the direction of zenith.…”

Section: Mu Radar Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Error margins of the MU orbit parameters are estimated according to the uncertainty calculations detailed in Appendix A of Kero et al (2012a). The mean semi-major axis of the MU radar Geminids is 1.32 ± 0.06 AU and the mean period is 1.49 ± 0.06 yr.…”

Section: Geminid Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MU head echo observations of the 2010 Geminids: radiant, orbit, and meteor flux observing biases

2013

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Abstract. We report Geminid meteor head echo observations with the high-power large-aperture (HPLA) Shigaraki middle and upper atmosphere (MU) radar in Japan (34.85° N, 136.10° E). The MU radar observation campaign was conducted from 13 December 2010, 08:00 UTC to 15 December, 20:00 UTC and resulted in 48 h of radar data. A total of ~ 270 Geminids were observed among ~ 8800 meteor head echoes with precisely determined orbits. The Geminid head echo activity is consistent with an earlier peak than the visual Geminid activity determined by the International Meteor Organization (IMO). The observed flux of Geminids is a factor of ~ 3 lower than the previously reported flux of the 2009 Orionids measured with an identical MU~radar setup. We use the observed flux ratio to discuss the relation between the head echo mass–velocity selection effect, the mass distribution indices of meteor showers and the mass threshold of the MU radar.

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Section: Geminid Velocity and Initial Altitudesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, only a few observations of shower meteors have hitherto been published (e.g. Chau and Galindo, 2008;Kero et al, 2011Kero et al, , 2012a.…”

Section: Meteor Head Echo Radar Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mu Radar Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geminid Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MU head echo observations of the 2010 Geminids: radiant, orbit, and meteor flux observing biases

2013

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“…The observers around the globe became active and various observations confirmed the predicated outburst (e.g. Koten et al 2012;Kero et al 2012;Ye et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The 2011 Draconids Meteor Light Curves and Meteoroid Fragmentation

Reddy

Yellaiah

2015

Earth Moon Planets

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Motivated by several predictions, a small outburst activity of the 2011 Draconid meteor shower has been observed from Gadanki (13.5 N, 79.2 E) MST radar. We detected head echoes and Range Spread Trail Echoes (RSTE) in multiple range gates along with beat pattern echoes. The observed echoes are consistent with meteoroid fragmentation and the light curve shapes examined, which show the evidence of fragmentation irregularities. The mean height of the Draconids is found to be 95 km, which is on an average few kilometers higher than the sporadic meteors of comparable Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The results consist of a 740 sample statistical studies, lead to conclude that a quarter of the Draconid radar meteor events included in this study exhibit fragmentation, manifested as non-uniform light curves-implying that the form of meteoroid mass flux into the upper atmosphere goes well beyond simple ablation. A few events are suggestive of differential ablation.

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Neutral density estimation derived from meteoroid measurements using high‐power, large‐aperture radar

2016

JGR Atmospheres

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We present a new method to estimate the neutral density of the lower thermosphere/upper mesosphere given deceleration measurements from meteoroids as they enter Earth's atmosphere. By tracking the plasma (referred to as head echoes) surrounding the ablating meteoroid, we are able to measure the range and velocity of the meteoroid in 3‐D. This is accomplished at Advanced Research Projects Agency Long‐Range Tracking and Instrumentation Radar (ALTAIR) with the use of four additional receiving horns. Combined with the momentum and ablation equations, we can feed large quantities of data into a minimization function which estimates the associated constants related to the ablation process and, more importantly, the density ratios between successive layers of the atmosphere. Furthermore, if we take statistics of the masses and bulk densities of the meteoroids, we can calculate the neutral densities and its associated error by the ratio distribution on the minimum error statistic. A standard deviation of approximately 10% can be achieved, neglecting measurement error from the radar. Errors in velocity and deceleration compound this uncertainty, which in the best case amounts to an additional 4% error. The accuracy can be further improved if we take increasing amounts of measurements, limited only by the quality of the ranging measurements and the probability of knowing the median of the distribution. Data analyzed consist mainly of approximately 500 meteoroids over a span of 20 min on two separate days. The results are compared to the existing atmospheric model NRLMSISE‐00, which predicts lower density ratios and static neutral densities at these altitudes.

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MU radar head echo observations of the 2011 October Draconids

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

MU head echo observations of the 2010 Geminids: radiant, orbit, and meteor flux observing biases

MU head echo observations of the 2010 Geminids: radiant, orbit, and meteor flux observing biases

The 2011 Draconids Meteor Light Curves and Meteoroid Fragmentation

Neutral density estimation derived from meteoroid measurements using high‐power, large‐aperture radar

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