mTOR Signaling, Translational Control, and the Circadian Clock

Cao, Ruifeng

doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00367

Cited by 58 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Furthermore, based on our data, there is a need to determine the mechanistic link between diurnal changes and autophagy in the neural retina. There is considerable evidence that diurnal/circadian rhythm is associated with the induction of autophagy [44,53], a key regulator of autophagy; the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is regulated by the circadian clock [54] and the circadian regulation of metabolism is mediated through reciprocal signaling between the clock and metabolic regulatory networks such as autophagy [44]. Recently, Ryzhikov and colleagues reported that diurnal rhythms spatially and temporarily organize autophagy [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Rhythmicity of Autophagy Is Impaired in the Diabetic Retina

Mitter

Yan

et al. 2020

Cells

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Retinal homeostasis is under both diurnal and circadian regulation. We sought to investigate the diurnal expression of autophagy proteins in normal rodent retina and to determine if this is impaired in diabetic retinopathy. C57BL/6J mice and Bio-Breeding Zucker (BBZ) rats were maintained under a 12h/12h light/dark cycle and eyes, enucleated over a 24 h period. Eyes were also collected from diabetic mice with two or nine-months duration of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Bio-Breeding Zucker diabetic rat (BBZDR/wor rats with 4-months duration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immunohistochemistry was performed for the autophagy proteins Atg7, Atg9, LC3 and Beclin1. These autophagy proteins (Atgs) were abundantly expressed in neural retina and endothelial cells in both mice and rats. A differential staining pattern was observed across the retinas which demonstrated a distinctive diurnal rhythmicity. All Atgs showed localization to retinal blood vessels with Atg7 being the most highly expressed. Analysis of the immunostaining demonstrated distinctive diurnal rhythmicity, of which Atg9 and LC3 shared a biphasic expression cycle with the highest level at 8:15 am and 8:15 pm. In contrast, Beclin1 revealed a 24-h cycle with the highest level observed at midnight. Atg7 was also on a 24-h cycle with peak expression at 8:15 am, coinciding with the first peak expression of Atg9 and LC3. In diabetic animals, there was a dramatic reduction in all four Atgs and the distinctive diurnal rhythmicity of these autophagy proteins was significantly impaired and phase shifted in both T1D and T2D animals. Restoration of diurnal rhythmicity and facilitation of autophagy protein expression may provide new treatment strategies for diabetic retinopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal Rhythmicity of Autophagy Is Impaired in the Diabetic Retina

Mitter

Yan

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…See review [79]. Moreover, the connection between circadian rhythm and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways (crucial for numerous biological processes and metabolism of bone, muscle, and adipose tissue) has been reported recently [80]. Accordingly, the robust circadian rhythm is necessary for the proper functioning of all body processes.…”

Section: Misalignments Of Circadian Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Stress Contributes to Osteosarcopenic Adiposity via Inflammation and Immune Modulation: The Case for More Precise Nutritional Investigation

Ilich

Gilman²,

Cvijetić

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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Chronic stress and low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) are key underlying factors for many diseases, including bone and body composition impairments. Objectives of this narrative review were to examine the mechanisms by which chronic stress and LGCI may influence osteosarcopenic adiposity (OSA) syndrome, originally named as ostoesarcopenic obesity (OSO). We also examined the crucial nutrients presumed to be affected by or cause of stress and inflammation and compared/contrasted them to those of our prehistoric ancestors. The evidence shows that stress (particularly chronic) and its related inflammatory processes, contribute to osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and adiposity ultimately leading to OSA as a final and most deranged state of body composition, commencing at the mesenchymal cell lineage disturbance. The foods/nutrients consumed by modern humans, as well as their altered lifestyle, also contribute to stress, LGCI and subsequently to OSA. The processes can also go in opposite direction when stress and inflammation impact nutritional status, particularly some micronutrients’ levels. While nutritional management of body composition and LGCI have been studied, the nutrients (and their quantities) most affected by stressors and those which may act toward the alleviation of stressful state, ultimately leading to better body composition outcomes, need to be elucidated.

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“…[24][25][26] mTORC1 is capable of coupling environmental inputs, including AA availability, to the circadian clock and its signaling network. Data from a recent review of the non-ruminant literature underscored a reciprocal interplay between circadian clock and mTORC1 signaling, 27 with a key premise being that mTORC1 activity is regulated by the circadian clock. In turn, the rhythmicity of mTORC1 and its downstream signaling components impact autonomous properties as well as core clock proteins both in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and some peripheral tissues (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%