mtDNAmap: Geographic representation of mtDNA Haplogroups

Rasheed, Haroon; Jawad, Muhammad; Nazir, Shahid; Noreen, Saadia; Rakha, Allah

doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2017.09.208

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Haplogroup predictions were obtained from the EMPOP mtDNA database (v4/R13) [35][36][37][38] with a restricted range of 16,118-16,232. The frequency of the predicted haplogroups across different geographic populations was determined using the mtDNAmap 39 and compared to the frequency across different geographic populations described by the 1000 Genomes Project 40 .…”

Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental DNA as an innovative technique to identify the origins of falsified antimalarial tablets—a pilot study of the pharmabiome

Young

Liddicoat

Dijk

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Falsified medicines are a major threat to global health. Antimalarial drugs have been particularly targeted by criminals. As DNA analysis has revolutionized forensic criminology, we hypothesized that these techniques could also be used to investigate the origins of falsified medicines. Medicines may contain diverse adventitious biological contamination, and the sealed nature of blister-packages may capture and preserve genetic signals from the manufacturing processes allowing identification of production source(s). We conducted a blinded pilot study to determine if such environmental DNA (eDNA) could be detected in eleven samples of falsified and genuine artesunate antimalarial tablets, collected in SE Asia, which could be indicative of origin. Massively Parallel Sequencing (MPS) was used to characterize microbial and eukaryote diversity. Two mitochondrial DNA analysis approaches were explored to detect the presence of human DNA. Trace eDNA from these low biomass samples demonstrated sample specific signals using two target markers. Significant differences in bacterial and eukaryote DNA community structures were observed between genuine and falsified tablets and between different packaging types of falsified artesunate. Human DNA, which was indicative of likely east Asian ancestry, was found in falsified tablets. This pilot study of the ‘pharmabiome’ shows the potential of environmental DNA as a powerful forensic tool to assist with the identification of the environments, and hence location and timing, of the source and manufacture of falsified medicines, establish links between seizures and complement existing tools to build a more complete picture of criminal trade routes. The finding of human DNA in tablets raises important ethical issues that need to be addressed.

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Section: Dna Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental DNA as an innovative technique to identify the origins of falsified antimalarial tablets—a pilot study of the pharmabiome

Young

Liddicoat

Dijk

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Daerah hipervariabel I dan II (HVS I dan HVS II) yang terdapat pada control region (D-loop) berperan penting dalam regulasi serta inisiasi replikasi dan transkripsi (Nesheva 2014). Variasi dalam daerah tersebut akan menunjukkan haplotip dan haplogrup tertentu sesuai dengan asal geografis individu (Tsutsumi et al 2006;Rasheed et al 2017). Selain itu, DNA mitokondria digunakan dalam bidang forensik maupun antropologi karena dapat mengungkap identitas dari individu (Sultana & Sultan 2018).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Implikasi Biogeografi dari Variasi DNA Mitokondria pada Suku Sunda

Maksum¹,

Destiarani²,

Amalia³

et al. 2020

Chim. Nat. Acta

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Abstrak Suku Sunda menjadi salah satu suku mayoritas di Indonesia. Tetapi, karena tidak mempunyai ciri fisik yang khas seperti suku - suku yang lain, maka sulit untuk menentukan identitas suku Sunda dari segi fisiknya. Akibatnya, penelusuran sejarah dan perjalanan migrasi suku Sunda masih belum jelas. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pendekatan lain berupa data genetik yang dapat menggambarkan hubungan kekerabatan dan evolusinya. Analisis filogenetik urutan DNA mitokondria telah terbukti menjadi alat yang efektif untuk identifikasi seseorang dan juga dapat menunjukkan asal populasi yang berbeda. Urutan DNA mitokondria yang digunakan berada pada daerah hipervariabel I (HVI) karena tingkat variasinya yang tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, urutan DNA mitokondria yang berasal dari Kampung Baduy, Ciptagelar, Dukuh serta Kuta diisolasi, diamplifikasi untuk analisis delesi 9pb dan dikarakterisasi dengan enzim restriksi AluI danDdeI. Selain itu juga dilakukansequencingterhadap sampel Kampung Baduy dan Kuta untuk mengetahui pola migrasinya.Hasil analisis delesi 9pb dan adanya fragmen DNA hasil restriksi menunjukkan bahwa suku Sunda membawa marker Asia. Berdasarkan analisis varian dan haplogrup migrasi suku Sunda berawal dari barat ke timur,yang ditunjukkan oleh Kampung Baduy dengan haplogrup N9a6a yang lebihtua dibandingkan dengan haplogrup pada Kampung Kuta yaitu B5a

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“…Whereas deleterious mtDNA variants are naturally selected against, other variants, including those altering amino acid sequences and influencing mitochondrial function, have expanded in human populations (17). Based on similarities, such mtDNA variants or “haplotypes” can be clustered into haplogroups, and these differ between human populations that colonized different regions of the world (see http://www.mitomap.org for haplogroup markers) (18). Some variants might have posed an evolutionary advantage by adapting mitochondrial function to maintain fitness in altered environments or they were maintained because they did not notably affect mitochondrial function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial genome variations, mitochondrial‐nuclear compatibility, and their association with metabolic diseases

Ludwig-Słomczyńska

Rehm

2022

Obesity

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INTRODUC TI ON Origin, structure of, and protein coding by the mitochondrial genomeAround 2 to 3 billion years ago, the rise in atmospheric oxygen (i.e., the "Great Oxygen Event") altered the atmospheric conditions on the earth. At this time, the class of α-proteobacteria acquired the ability to use oxygen for energy production (1). Through uptake into and endosymbiosis with a host microorganism, eventually mitochondria developed as novel organelles that are typically found in all eukaryotes today. As the symbiotic relationship matured, the majority of endosymbiont genes transferred into the host nucleus (endosymbiotic gene transfer), whereas mitochondria today still retain control over crucial genes essential for mitochondrial energy production (2).The mitochondrial genome encodes only 37 genes. Among these, 13 code for polypeptides, 2 code for ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) (12S and 16S), and 22 code for transfer RNAs (tRNAs) necessary for mitochondrial protein synthesis. All mRNAs code for subunits of the multiprotein complexes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase (mt-ND1, mt-ND2, mt-ND3, mt-ND4, mt-ND4L, mt-ND5, and mt-ND6) codes for seven out of forty-six polypeptides that compose complex I. Mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b (mt-CYB) is one of 11 polypeptides necessary to form complex III. Mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase (mt-CO1 , mt-CO2, and mt-CO3), along with 10 other nuclear-coded polypeptides,

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mtDNAmap: Geographic representation of mtDNA Haplogroups

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Environmental DNA as an innovative technique to identify the origins of falsified antimalarial tablets—a pilot study of the pharmabiome

Environmental DNA as an innovative technique to identify the origins of falsified antimalarial tablets—a pilot study of the pharmabiome

Implikasi Biogeografi dari Variasi DNA Mitokondria pada Suku Sunda

Mitochondrial genome variations, mitochondrial‐nuclear compatibility, and their association with metabolic diseases

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