MtDNA Haplogroup A10 Lineages in Bronze Age Samples Suggest That Ancient Autochthonous Human Groups Contributed to the Specificity of the Indigenous West Siberian Population

Abstract

BackgroundThe craniometric specificity of the indigenous West Siberian human populations cannot be completely explained by the genetic interactions of the western and eastern Eurasian groups recorded in the archaeology of the area from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Anthropologists have proposed another probable explanation: contribution to the genetic structure of West Siberian indigenous populations by ancient human groups, which separated from western and eastern Eurasian populations before the final formation of their phenotypic and genetic features and evolved independently in the region over a long period of time. This hypothesis remains untested. From the genetic point of view, it could be confirmed by the presence in the gene pool of indigenous populations of autochthonous components that evolved in the region over long time periods. The detection of such components, particularly in the mtDNA gene pool, is crucial for further clarification of early regional genetic history.Results and ConclusionWe present the results of analysis of mtDNA samples (n = 10) belonging to the A10 haplogroup, from Bronze Age populations of West Siberian forest-steppe (V—I millennium BC), that were identified in a screening study of a large diachronic sample (n = 96). A10 lineages, which are very rare in modern Eurasian populations, were found in all the Bronze Age groups under study. Data on the A10 lineages’ phylogeny and phylogeography in ancient West Siberian and modern Eurasian populations suggest that A10 haplogroup underwent a long-term evolution in West Siberia or arose there autochthonously; thus, the presence of A10 lineages indicates the possible contribution of early autochthonous human groups to the genetic specificity of modern populations, in addition to contributions of later interactions of western and eastern Eurasian populations.

Diverse origin of mitochondrial lineages in Iron Age Black Sea Scythians

“…Moreover, mt lineage D4j2 identified in the individual SCY006 was shown to have been dominant in the Pazyryk culture from Altai and Inner Mongolia (4 th -2 nd century BCE)714161718. The presence of East Eurasian mt lineages supports those archaeological theories that acknowledge the influence of an East Eurasian element in the formation of the Scythian horizon7172.…”

“…Scythians from Rostov-on-Don as well as Pazyryks from Altai and Inner Mongolia were carriers of mixed east and west Eurasian lineages, with the dominant presence of the latter at 62.5% and 53.3%, respectively7131415161718. Mitochondrial haplogroup analyses of the NPR Scythians from this study and those from Rostov-on-Don and Pazyryks from Altai and Inner Mongolia, reveal that, for the most part, the same lineages are found in all three groups and are often singularly represented in each group.…”

Kinship Analysis of Human Remains from the Sargat Mounds, Baraba Forest-Steppe, Western Siberia

“…5 пригодные для этого материалы отсутствовали. Следует отметить высокую сохранность [Pilipenko et al, 2015[Pilipenko et al, , 2017. Поверхность костей обрабатывали 5%-м раствором гипохлорита натрия для разрушения возможных загрязнений современной ДНК, облучали ультрафиолетом.…”

“…Ранее на материалах разновременных могильников эпохи бронзы нами было показано, что палеоантропологические останки с территории Барабинской лесостепи в целом пригодны для молекулярно-генетического анализа, как минимум на уровне мтДНК. Однако, несмотря на благоприятные для сохранности ДНК климатические условия в данном регионе, она сильно варьирует не только на разных памятниках, но и в пределах одного могильника и даже одного коллективного погребения [Молодин и др., 2013;Molodin et al, 2012]. По-видимому, степень сохранности ДНК в останках с территории Барабы в значительной мере зависит от целого ряда факторов, включая глубину их залегания, локальные особенности состава и увлажненности грунта, специфику погребальной обрядности (степень разложения останков до погребения, воздействие высокой температуры и др.…”

A Genetic Analysis of Human Remains from the Bronze Age (2nd Millennium BC) Cemetery Bertek-56 in the Altai Mountains

“…Использова-лись методы, описанные в наших работах [Pilipenko, Romaschenko, Molodin et al, 2010;Pilipenko, Trapezov, Zhuravlev et al, 2015]. Поверхность костей обрабаты-вали 5%-м раствором гипохлорита натрия для разру-шения возможных загрязнений современной ДНК, об-лучали ультрафиолетом не менее 1 ч, затем удаляли механически поверхностный слой ~1-2 мм и повтор-но облучали образец ультрафиолетом не менее 1 ч. Из компактного костного вещества высверливали мел-кодисперсный порошок.…”