MTDATA and the Prediction of Phase Equilibria in Oxide Systems: 30 Years of Industrial Collaboration

Gisby, John; Taskinen, Pekka; Pihlasalo, Jouni; Li, Zushu; Tyrer, Mark; Pearce, J. V.; Björklund, Peter; Davies, Hugh; Korpi, Mikko; Martin, Susan M.; Pesonen, Lauri; Robinson, J A J

doi:10.1007/s11663-016-0811-x

Cited by 78 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Its terminal phases of corners of the Gibbs triangle are thus Al2O3 or 95 wt-% Al2O3+5 wt-% CaO, SiO2 or 95 wt-% SiO2 + 5 wt-% CaO and an iron oxide FeOx or 95 wt-% FeOx+5 wt-% CaO. A few isothermal sections of the system Al2O3-CaO-Cu-Fe-O-SiO2 were calculated for monitoring the behaviour of the slag in copper saturation, using the Mtox database of MTDATA solver (Gisby et al, 2017). Figure 11 indicates that growing concentration of alumina in the slag continuously increases the silica concentration at the SiO2(s) saturation boundary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, phase relations of the alumina modified iron silicate slags formed in secondary copper smelting are not very well known in the literature, in particular in high alumina concentrations (Zhao et al, 1999;Klemettinen et al, 2017b). Therefore, new experimental observations are needed on the saturation boundaries in the spinel, silica and mullite primary phase fields over the oxygen potential range used in the copper smelting, refining and slag cleaning, on the Fe-O-SiO2 slags with >10 wt-% Al2O3, in order to allow validation of the available slag databases such as Mtox (Gisby et al, 2017). This is important in order to validate the correct oxygen partial pressure response of the copper bearing slags reproduced by computational thermodynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slag–Copper Equilibria of Selected Trace Elements in Black Copper Smelting. Part I. Properties of the Slag and Chromium Solubility

Sukhomlinov

Avarmaa

Virtanen

et al. 2019

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

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The solubility of chromium in alumina-and lime-containing ( ≈5 wt-% Al2O3 and 0-≈10 wt-% CaO ) iron silicate slags saturated with chromium spinel have been measured experimentally at 1300 °C. In order to avoid contamination and the effects of further elements in the slag, the measurements were carried out in silica crucibles, i.e. in silica saturation. The solubility of chromium in the studied iron silicate slags was a function of oxygen partial pressure. At high oxygen partial pressures PO2 ≈ 10 -5 atm, the solubility was about 0.15 wt-% (Cr) and it increased to about 0.3 wt-% (Cr) in reducing conditions of pO2 ≈ 10 -10 atm. Alumina and lime seemed to increase the solubility slightly over the entire oxygen partial pressure range studied. The properties of iron silicate slags at silica saturation have also been measured.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slag–Copper Equilibria of Selected Trace Elements in Black Copper Smelting. Part I. Properties of the Slag and Chromium Solubility

Sukhomlinov

Avarmaa

Virtanen

et al. 2019

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review

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“…The experience gained from an extensive use of Mtox database in various copper and nickel smelting processes over the years 1995-2015 in Outotec Research (Pori, Finland) suggest that the basic screening of fluxing options in sulphide smelting can be made using computational approach 1,8,23 . This, however, requires that the boundary condition of the smelting step is correctly followed in the computational cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to this situation, an industrial consortium was established in early '90s to support and guide assessment work carried out at National Physical Laboratory ('NPL'; Teddington, UK) with the aim of developing a thermodynamic database for industrial oxide systems. The target in mind did not include only metallurgical slags but also oxide systems related to other fields, such as glass making 1 .…”

Section: Thermodynamic Solversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial use of thermodynamic simulations in pyrometallurgy

Taskinen

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Mastering slag chemistry and fluxing is the key of an effective smelting operation. Today, the requirements of resource efficiency and in particular the recoveries of metal values at the lowest possible use of fossil fuels indicate that the problem is multidimensional. It needs flexible and the best possible tools for analyzing various possibilities and alternatives. The use of computational thermodynamics allows evaluation of fluxing practices in industrial multicomponent slags, due to the availability of extensive and internally consistent databases for use with appropriate advanced thermochemical packages. This approach unlocks new options for optimising smelting and refining operations and unit processes, and the able use of increasingly complex raw materials of the future.

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“…One of the slag target points in this study shown in Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -FeO x phase diagram and in the corresponding sample micrograph. The phase diagram is calculated employing the MTDATA and MTOX database[28].…”

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confidence: 99%

Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements

et al. 2019

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High-tech metals, including Ga, Ge and In, are critical for the performance of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). None of these three metals exist in mineable levels in natural minerals, and thus their availability and production are dependent on the primary and secondary base metals (including Zn, Al and Cu) production. To secure the supply of high-tech metals in the future, their behavior, including distribution coefficients (L Cu/s = [wt% M] in copper /(wt% M) in slag ), in primary and secondary processes need to be characterized. This study reports three series of copper-slag distribution experiments for Ga, Ge and In in simulated secondary copper smelting and refining process conditions (T = 1300 • C, pO 2 = 10 −9 -10 −5 atm) using a well-developed drop-quench technique followed by EPMA and LA-ICP-MS analyses. This study shows how an analytical technique more traditionally applied to the characterization of ores or minerals can also be applied to metallurgical process investigation. The LA-ICP-MS analysis was used for the first time for measuring the concentrations of these minor elements in metallurgical glasses, i.e., slags, and the results were compared to the geological literature. The distribution coefficient of indium increased as a function of decreasing oxygen partial pressure from 0.03 to 10, whereas the distribution coefficient of gallium was 0.1 at 10 −9 atm and decreased as the pO 2 increased. The concentrations of gallium in slags were between 0.4 and 0.6 wt% and germanium around 1 ppm. Germanium was vaporized almost entirely from the samples.

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MTDATA and the Prediction of Phase Equilibria in Oxide Systems: 30 Years of Industrial Collaboration

Cited by 78 publications

References 12 publications

Slag–Copper Equilibria of Selected Trace Elements in Black Copper Smelting. Part I. Properties of the Slag and Chromium Solubility

Slag–Copper Equilibria of Selected Trace Elements in Black Copper Smelting. Part I. Properties of the Slag and Chromium Solubility

Industrial use of thermodynamic simulations in pyrometallurgy

Critical Metals Ga, Ge and In: Experimental Evidence for Smelter Recovery Improvements

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