MRSA carriage in the equine community: An investigation of horse-caretaker couples

Eede, Annelies Van den; Martens, Ann; Floré, Katelijne; Denis, Olivier; Gasthuys, Frank; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Abeele, A. Van den; Hermans, Katleen

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.12.038

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Indeed, earlier studies observed that the prevalence of MRSA colonization in families of livestock veterinarians was 9.5% [35]. (ii) Transmission of MRSA from animals that are still positive when discharged from the hospital to their caretakers “at home” and further dissemination from thereon in human and animal populations as suggested by an observation in Belgium [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, MRSA CC398 is prevalent as a nosocomial pathogen in veterinary clinics, particularly in those for horses in Austria [22], [27], Belgium [28], [29], Germany [30], the Netherlands [31], Switzerland [32], and the United Kingdom [17]. Furthermore, nasal colonization of veterinary personnel attending horses was reported [22], [31], [32], [33]. The majority of MRSA CC398 isolates from horse clinics exhibited a typical pattern of characteristics when subjected to typing: spa type t011, more rarely t6867, SCC mec IVa, and phenotypic resistance to gentamicin based on the aac A- aph D gene [22], [31], [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from infections in horses in Germany are frequent colonizers of veterinarians but rare among MRSA from infections in humans

et al. 2016

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A total of 272 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from equine infections originating from 17 equine hospitals and 39 veterinary practices in Germany as well as 67 isolates from personnel working at equine clinics were subjected to molecular typing. The majority of isolates from horses was attributed to clonal complex (CC) 398 (82.7%). Within CC398, 66% of isolates belonged to a subpopulation (clade) of CC398, which is associated with equine clinics.MRSA attributed to CC8 (ST254, t009, t036, SCCmecIV; ST8, t064, SCCmecIV) were less frequent (16.5%). Single isolates were attributed to ST1, CC22, ST130, and ST1660. The emergence of MRSA CC22 and ST130 in horses was not reported so far. Nasal MRSA colonization was found in 19.5% of veterinary personnel with occupational exposure to horses. The typing characteristics of these isolates corresponded to isolates from equine infections.Comparing typing characteristics of equine isolates with those of a substantial number of isolates from human infections typed at the German Reference Center for Staphylococci and Enterococci (2006–2014; n = 10864) yielded that the proportion of isolates exhibiting characteristics of MRSA from equine medicine is very low (< 0.5%). As this low proportion was also found among MRSA originating from nasal screenings of human carriers not suffering from a staphylococcal infection (n = 5546) transmission of MRSA from equine clinics to the community seems to be rare so far.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from infections in horses in Germany are frequent colonizers of veterinarians but rare among MRSA from infections in humans

et al. 2016

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“…Though MRSA CC398 has been found in poultry isolates, the majority of isolates reported, in both diseased and healthy chickens, belonged to the CC5 (Monecke et al, 2013), which is also one of the most successful human-associated lineages (Lowder et al, 2009). Concerning horses, MRSA CC398 has mainly been reported in equine clinics (Cuny et al, 2008; Hermans et al, 2008; Van den Eede et al, 2009; Sieber et al, 2011) but limited data is available at farm level (Van den Eede et al, 2012, 2013). In West-European horses admitted to a Belgian veterinary clinic, a MRSA CC398 carriage rate of 10.9% (12/110) was found (Van den Eede et al, 2009).…”

Section: Transmission Of La-mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs

Crombé¹,

Argudín²,

Vanderhaeghen³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

100

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From the mid-2000s on, numerous studies have shown that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), renowned as human pathogen, has a reservoir in pigs and other livestock. In Europe and North America, clonal complex (CC) 398 appears to be the predominant lineage involved. Especially worrisome is its capacity to contaminate humans in close contact with affected animals. Indeed, the typical multi-resistant phenotype of MRSA CC398 and its observed ability of easily acquiring genetic material suggests that MRSA CC398 strains with an increased virulence potential may emerge, for which few therapeutic options would remain. This questions the need to implement interventions to control the presence and spread of MRSA CC398 among pigs. MRSA CC398 shows a high but not fully understood transmission potential in the pig population and is able to persist within that population. Although direct contact is probably the main route for MRSA transmission between pigs, also environmental contamination, the presence of other livestock, the herd size, and farm management are factors that may be involved in the dissemination of MRSA CC398. The current review aims at summarizing the research that has so far been done on the transmission dynamics and risk factors for introduction and persistence of MRSA CC398 in farms.

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“…This pathogen has been isolated from horses worldwide, and the genotypic characteristics of MRSA strains found in the equine population vary within regions [1,3,5,8,10,12,13]. Moreover, certain clones like the well-known USA500, seems to be one of the most prevalent among equidae, and even the emerging LA-MRSA (ST398) has been recently described in horse populations [13-15]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance

Balen

Mowery

Piraino-Sandoval

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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The role that environmental contamination might play as a reservoir and a possible source of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for patients and personnel at equine veterinary hospitals remains undefined, as the environment has only been monitored during outbreaks or for short periods. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the monthly presence, distribution, and characteristics of environmental MRSA at an equine hospital, and to establish patterns of contamination over time using molecular epidemiological analyses. For this purpose, a yearlong active MRSA surveillance was performed targeting the environment and incoming patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec typing, PFGE typing, and dendrographic analysis were used to characterize and analyze these isolates. Overall, 8.6% of the surfaces and 5.8% of the horses sampled were positive for MRSA. The most common contaminated surfaces were: computers, feed-water buckets, and surgery tables-mats. Ninety percent of the isolates carried SCCmec type IV, and 62.0% were classified as USA500. Molecular analysis showed that new pulsotypes were constantly introduced into the hospital throughout the year. However, maintenance of strains in the environment was also observed when unique clones were detected for 2 consecutive months on the same surfaces. Additionally, pulsotypes were circulating throughout several areas and different contact surfaces of the hospital. Based on these results, it is evident that MRSA is constantly introduced and frequently found in the equine hospital environment, and that some contact surfaces could act as “hot-spots”. These contaminated surfaces should be actively targeted for strict cleaning and disinfection as well as regular monitoring.

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MRSA carriage in the equine community: An investigation of horse-caretaker couples

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from infections in horses in Germany are frequent colonizers of veterinarians but rare among MRSA from infections in humans

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from infections in horses in Germany are frequent colonizers of veterinarians but rare among MRSA from infections in humans

Transmission Dynamics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Pigs

Molecular epidemiology of environmental MRSA at an equine teaching hospital: introduction, circulation and maintenance

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