“…These purchases are harmful to the organization because they circumvent established best practices, and make analyzing indirect spend more difficult (Sodhi, Sodhi, & Tang, 2014). Additionally, many strategies for indirect procurement tend to focus solely on minimizing purchase price, rather than looking at the costs to the whole system (Bailey & Helms, 2007;Bechtel & Patterson, 1997). Strategies must be tailored to each individual subcomponent of indirect spend, and will vary based on a firm's industry and value of the purchased item (Al-Kaabi, Potter, & Naim, 2007a;Hawkins, Nissen, & Rendon, 2014;Moon, Swar, Chloe, Chung, & Jung, 2010;Sitar, 2012;Thomas et al, 2015;van der Valk & Rozemeijer, 2009).…”