mRNA Vaccines against Flaviviruses

Wollner, Clayton J.; Richner, Justin M.

doi:10.3390/vaccines9020148

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…Importantly, poorly designed Zika virus vaccines can increase the infectiousness of the dengue virus 154 . Dengue virus is from the same viral family as Zika, and their envelope proteins share 54–59% overlapping amino acid sequence 155 .…”

Section: Progress With Mrna Vaccines For Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation

Chaudhary

Weissman

Whitehead

2021

Nat Rev Drug Discov

776

650

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Over the past several decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have progressed from a scepticism-inducing idea to clinical reality. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed the most rapid vaccine development in history, with mRNA vaccines at the forefront of those efforts. Although it is now clear that mRNA vaccines can rapidly and safely protect patients from infectious disease, additional research is required to optimize mRNA design, intracellular delivery and applications beyond SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis. In this Review, we describe the technologies that underlie mRNA vaccines, with an emphasis on lipid nanoparticles and other non-viral delivery vehicles. We also overview the pipeline of mRNA vaccines against various infectious disease pathogens and discuss key questions for the future application of this breakthrough vaccine platform.

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Section: Progress With Mrna Vaccines For Infectious Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation

Chaudhary

Weissman

Whitehead

2021

Nat Rev Drug Discov

776

650

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the addition of a 5'-cap, adjustment of the length and structure of 3'-poly(A) tails, the optimization of nucleoside sequences, and the modification of nucleosides can significantly reduce mRNA degradation. [97][98][99] mRNA can also be encapsulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and other delivery vehicles based on polymers, peptides, and cationic nanoemulsions (CNEs) to increase its stability and prevent degradation. 100,101 In addition to its instability, unmodified mRNA may activate innate immune systems through the endosomal recognition of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7, 8 and 9 and the RIG-1-like receptor family, such as RIG-1, MDA5, and LGP2, resulting in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons.…”

Section: Some Non-s-protein-based or Combined Antigen-based Mers-cov Vaccines Have Been Exploredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in mRNA and other vaccines against MERS-CoV

Tai

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

Translational Research

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“…Remarkably, during this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, mRNA vaccinations have demonstrated their remarkable success and good safety profile. mRNA for incorporation into vaccines is synthesized in vitro to mimic the host mRNA in order to increase mRNA stability and translation efficiency[ 15 ]. Moreover, unlike conventional pathogen vaccines, mRNA vaccines are devoid of any cellular or animal components.…”

Section: Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines

Tsao¹

2022

WJCO

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For centuries, therapeutic cancer vaccines have been developed and tried clinically. Way back in the late 19 th century, the Father of Immunotherapy, William Coley had discovered that bacterial toxins were effective for inoperable sarcomas. In the 1970s, the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine was repurposed, e.g ., for advanced melanomas. Then, therapeutic cancer vaccines based on tumor-associated antigens (found on the surfaces of cancer cells) were tried clinically but apparently have not made a really significant clinical impact. For repurposed pathogen vaccines, only the BCG vaccine was approved in 1989 for local application to treat nonmuscle-invading bladder cancers. Although the mildly toxic vaccine adjuvants deliberately added to conventional pathogen vaccines are appropriate for seasonal applications, when repurposed for continual oncology usage, toxicity may be problematic. In 2010, even with the approval of sipuleucel-T as the very first cancer vaccine (dendritic cell) developed for designated prostate cancers, it has also not made a really significant clinical impact. Perhaps more "user friendly" cancer vaccines should be explored. As from approximately 30 years ago, the safety and effectiveness of mRNA vaccination for oncology had already been studied, the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, though disastrous, has given such progressively advancing technology a kickstart. For oncology, other virtues of mRNA vaccines seem advantageous, e.g., rapid and versatile development, convenient modular design, and entirely cell-free synthesis, are being progressively recognized. Moreover, mRNAs encoding various oncology antigens for vaccination may also be tested with the combi-nation of relatively non-toxic modalities of oncology treatments, e.g ., metformin or metronomic (low-dose, prolonged administration) chemotherapy. Admittedly, robust clinical data obtained through good quality clinical trials are mandatory.

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mRNA Vaccines against Flaviviruses

Cited by 30 publications

References 95 publications

mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation

mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation

Advances in mRNA and other vaccines against MERS-CoV

Potential of mRNA vaccines to become versatile cancer vaccines

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