mRNA vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation due to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) COVID-19 during Omicron variant predominance estimated from real-world surveillance data, Slovenia, February to March 2022

Vitek, Marta Grgič; Klavs, Irena; Učakar, Veronika; Vrh, Marjana; Mrzel, Maja; Serdt, Mojca; Fafangel, Mario

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.20.2200350

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…It is also worth noting that several authors have published analyses on the effectiveness of vaccines in real-world conditions. Nonetheless, some of those studies used short follow-up periods [32,[39][40][41][42], only analyzed the effectiveness of partial vaccination [43], were specific to the population groups of interest [43] or analyzed a single vaccine [32,39,44] or a single vaccine platform [40,42]. Few studies have been conducted like the one herein, with: 1) the analysis of the effectiveness of a complete series and a complete series plus booster for critical outcomes such as death from COVID-19, 2) a sample of adults aged 18 years and older, 3) the evaluation of five vaccines, 4) the assessment of different platforms, 5) a study period of over one year and 6) the inclusion of more than 14 million individuals.…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among Colombian adults: A retrospective, population-based study of the ESPERANZA cohort

Rojas-Botero,

Fernández-Niño,

Arregocés-Castillo

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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COVID-19 vaccines have been essential for reducing the impact of the pandemic; nevertheless, population-based data under real-life conditions are needed to compare their effectiveness in various contexts. The objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of vaccines in preventing hospitalization and death from COVID-19 in Colombia under real-life conditions among people aged 18 years and older, according to sex, age, confirmed history of COVID-19 and vaccination series, including the effects of boosters. This investigation was an observational, retrospective, population-based study based on the Colombian cohort “Esperanza”. A total of 14,213,409 individuals aged 18 years and older were analyzed, who were matched in a 1:1 ratio of vaccinated to unvaccinated. The study groups consisted of unvaccinated individuals, those with a complete series (CS) and individuals with a CS plus booster. The vaccinated individuals received either homologous or heterologous vaccinations with Ad26.COV2-S, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 vaccines. Follow-up was conducted between February 2021 and June 2022. Cox proportional hazards models were used, adjusted for potential confounders, to estimate the effectiveness of different vaccination series. For adults aged 18 years and older, the overall effectiveness of the vaccines in preventing hospitalization was 82.7% (95% CI 82.1–83.2) for CS and 80.2% (95%CI 78.7–81.6) for CS + booster. The effectiveness in preventing death was 86.0% (95%CI 85.5–86.5) for CS and 83.1% (95%CI 81.5–84.5) for CS + booster. Effectiveness decreased with age. While all efficacies were high, CoronaVac offered significantly lower protection, although this improved with a booster. Continued mass vaccination is pivotal, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The study highlights both the real-world effectiveness of these vaccines and the challenges in understanding waning immunity and the influence of different VoC(Variants of Concern) on results.

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Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among Colombian adults: A retrospective, population-based study of the ESPERANZA cohort

Rojas-Botero,

Fernández-Niño,

Arregocés-Castillo

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…[1][2][3][4] Current vaccination strategies are also based on delivery of the spike protein through various technologies, which have proven highly effective at reducing transmission, infection, hospitalisation and mortality. [5][6][7] Beyond cell entry and adaptive immune priming, the spike protein also modulates various host cell signalling pathways which ultimately contributes to the pathology and spread of the virus (Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular signalling by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Gracie,

Lai,

Newsome

2024

Microbiol. Aust.

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Following the release of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, the spike protein was identified as the key viral protein mediating cell entry. In addition to its critical function in delivering the viral genome to the host cytoplasm, the spike protein is able to activate diverse cell signalling pathways, leading to notable cellular responses, including inflammation, cellular remodelling, and immune evasion. The spike protein is associated with the induction of a ‘cytokine storm’ characterised by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, the spike protein deregulates TGF-β and E-selectin, leading to fibrotic injury and tissue scarring in cellular remodelling, notably in pulmonary tissues. Finally, the spike protein plays a role in immune evasion, disrupting Type I interferon responses. Understanding these diverse interactions and effects is crucial for comprehending the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and developing effective therapeutic strategies.

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Evidence of the Efficacy and the Effectiveness of First Generation COVID-19 Vaccines in Clinical Trials and Real-world Studies

Zhu

et al. 2022

Zoonoses

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More than 300 COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been developed or are currently in development. COVID-19 vaccines on the World Health Organization’s Emergency Use Listing and other COVID-19 vaccine products conditionally approved by national regulatory authorities are already in large-scale use, thus preventing severe illness or death and inducing herd immunity at the population level in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this review, we systemically assess the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in clinical trials or real-world studies, in various populations, including healthy adults, children, older people, pregnant people, people with cancer, and people receiving long-term hemodialysis or solid organ transplantation. In addition, we review available evidence regarding the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine immunization strategies in people with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the enhanced effectiveness conferred by various booster immunizations. We also discuss knowledge gaps in the persistence and spectrum of vaccine protection of currently available COVID-19 vaccines.

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mRNA vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation due to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) COVID-19 during Omicron variant predominance estimated from real-world surveillance data, Slovenia, February to March 2022

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among Colombian adults: A retrospective, population-based study of the ESPERANZA cohort

Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among Colombian adults: A retrospective, population-based study of the ESPERANZA cohort

Cellular signalling by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein

Evidence of the Efficacy and the Effectiveness of First Generation COVID-19 Vaccines in Clinical Trials and Real-world Studies

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