mRNA-based COVID-19 booster vaccination is highly effective and cost-effective in Australia

Li, Rui; Liu, Hanting; Fairley, Christopher K; Ong, Jason J.; Guo, Yuming; Lu, Pengyi; Zou, Zhuoru; Xie, Li; Zhuang, Guihua; Li, Yan; Shen, Mingwang; Zhang, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.075

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…A recent systematic review on the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines noted a gap in published literature on the cost-effectiveness of booster doses [58] (June 2023). Our results align with available studies which demonstrate that booster doses appear cost saving in middle and high-income settings [59][60][61]. Previous studies have demonstrated that providing nirmatrelvir-ritonavir to high-risk adults would be cost-effective in high-income settings [36,62,63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Our results are comparable to similar studies, although there have been a limited number of studies published on the cost-effectiveness of oral antivirals or booster doses in low-and [59][60][61]. Previous studies have demonstrated that providing nirmatrelvir-ritonavir to high-risk adults would be cost-effective in high-income settings [36,62,63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals in the Indo-Pacific

Bilgin,

Munira,

Lokuge

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Decision-makers in middle-income countries need evidence on the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals to appropriately prioritise these healthcare interventions. Methods: We used a dynamic transmission model to assess the cost-effectiveness of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals in Fiji, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Timor-Leste. We conducted cost-effectiveness analysis from both healthcare and societal perspectives using 3% discounting for ongoing costs and health benefits. We developed an interactive R Shiny which allows the user to vary key model assumptions, such as the choice of discounting rate, and view how these assumptions affect model results. Findings: Booster doses were cost saving and therefore cost-effective in all four middle-income settings from both healthcare and societal perspectives using 3% discounting. Providing oral antivirals was cost-effective from a healthcare perspective if procured at a low generic ($25 United States Dollars) or middle-income reference price ($250 United States Dollars); however, their cost-effectiveness was strongly influenced by rates of wastage or misuse, and the ongoing costs of care for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Interestingly, the cost or wastage of rapid antigen tests did not appear strongly influential over the cost-effectiveness of oral antivirals in any of the four study settings. Conclusions: Our results support that government funded COVID-19 booster programs continue to be cost-effective in middle-income settings. Oral antivirals demonstrate the potential to be cost-effective if procured at or below a middle-income reference price of $250 USD per schedule. Further research should quantify the rates of wastage or misuse of oral COVID-19 antivirals in middle-income settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals in the Indo-Pacific

Bilgin,

Munira,

Lokuge

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Health economics evaluations in relation to ischaemic stroke have typically focused on a number of treatment regimens, therapeutic agents or diagnostic measures to evaluate their benefits or utility [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Cost-effectiveness analyses of COVID-19 vaccines were mostly limited to the prevention of infection, severe illness, and death [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The decision-analytic Markov model is the most prominent and commonly used model in the field of health economics to select the optimal solution path to maximize net benefits [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cost-effectiveness analyses of COVID-19 vaccines were mostly limited to the prevention of infection, severe illness, and death [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The decision-analytic Markov model is the most prominent and commonly used model in the field of health economics to select the optimal solution path to maximize net benefits [ 30 , 31 ]. Considering the wide spread of COVID-19 and the necessity for vaccination, linking the vaccination against COVID-19 with long-term symptoms or complications after SARS-CoV-2 infection may become an important direction for future research [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccines in Reducing the Economic Burden of Ischaemic Stroke after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Qin

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Due to significant economic burden and disability from ischaemic stroke and the relationship between ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection, we aimed to explore the cost-effectiveness of the two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination program in reducing the economic burden of ischaemic stroke after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We constructed a decision-analytic Markov model to compare the two-dose inactivated COVID-19 vaccination strategy to the no vaccination strategy using cohort simulation. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and used number of the ischaemic stroke cases after SARS-CoV-2 infection and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) to assess effects. Both one-way deterministic sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were performed to assess the robustness of the results. We found that the two-dose inactivated vaccination strategy reduced ischaemic stroke cases after SARS-CoV-2 infection by 80.89% (127/157) with a USD 1.09 million as vaccination program cost, saved USD 3675.69 million as direct health care costs and gained 26.56 million QALYs compared with no vaccination strategy among 100,000 COVID-19 patients (ICER < 0 per QALY gained). ICERs remained robust in sensitivity analysis. The proportion of older patients and the proportion of two-dose inactivated vaccination among older people were the critical factors that affected ICER. This study suggests the importance of COVID-19 vaccination is not only in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, but also in considering its long-term value in reducing the economic burden of non-communicable diseases such as ischaemic stroke after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 booster vaccination with BNT162b2 in Japan

Nagano,

Kamei,

Matsuda

et al. 2024

Expert Review of Vaccines

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mRNA-based COVID-19 booster vaccination is highly effective and cost-effective in Australia

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals in the Indo-Pacific

Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 booster doses and oral antivirals in the Indo-Pacific

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccines in Reducing the Economic Burden of Ischaemic Stroke after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 booster vaccination with BNT162b2 in Japan

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