mRNA accumulation in the Cajal bodies of the diplotene larch microsporocyte

Smoliński, Dariusz Jan; Kolowerzo, A.

doi:10.1007/s00412-011-0339-4

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…3B,3E,3H,3K and 3N ). Nuclear poly(A) RNA was dispersed, and it also accumulated in numerous spherical structures that corresponded to Cajal bodies (CB) [ 24 , 28 ]. Cytoplasmic poly(A) RNA was mainly dispersed and sometimes appeared in small clusters ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results were confirmed by the high content of hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II, which is responsible for pre-mRNA elongation, and the high level of snRNAs that are involved in transcript maturation. During the third period, a particularly high level of ribosomal RNA synthesis occurs in the nucleolus, which corresponds to an increase in cytoplasmic rRNA contents [ 25 , 28 ], reflecting the greater number of ribosomes necessary to carry out the increased protein synthesis. In the second half of diplotene, the transcriptional activity is maintained at a high level, although the level of total poly(A) RNA gradually decreases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other types of RNA are likely synthesised at the end of the diplotene stage. Previous studies have shown that during this period, larch microsporocytes synthesise significant amounts of rRNA [ 25 , 28 ]. In the fifth diffuse stage, phosphorylated RNA pol II signals significantly decreased but BrU staining still indicated high transcription levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Activity in Diplotene Larch Microsporocytes, with Emphasis on the Diffuse Stage

et al. 2015

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Manuscript provides insights into the biology of long-lived plants, different from Arabidopsis, tomato or grass species that are widely studied. In the European larch the diplotene stage lasts approximately 5 months and it is possible to divide it into several substages and to observe each of them in details. The diplotene stage is a period of intensive microsporocyte growth associated with the synthesis and accumulation of different RNA and proteins. Larch microsporocytes display changes in chromatin morphology during this stage, alternating between 4 short stages of chromatin condensation (contraction) and 5 longer diffusion (relaxation) stages. The occurrence of a diplotene diffusion stage has been observed in many plant species. Interestingly, they have also been observed during spermiogenesis and oogenesis in animals. The aim of this study was to examine whether chromatin relaxation during the diplotene is accompanied by the synthesis and maturation of mRNA. The results reveal a correlation between the diffusion and chromatin decondensation, transcriptional activity. We also found decreasing amount of poly(A) mRNA synthesis in the consecutive diffusion stages. During the early diffusion stages, mRNA is intensively synthesized. In the nuclei large amounts of RNA polymerase II, and high levels of snRNPs were observed. In the late diffusion stages, the synthesized mRNA is not directly subjected to translation but it is stored in the nucleus, and later transported to the cytoplasm and translated. In the last diffusion stage, the level of poly(A) RNA is low, but that of splicing factors is still high. It appears that the mRNA synthesized in early stages is used during the diplotene stage and is not transmitted to dyad and tetrads. In contrast, splicing factors accumulate and are most likely transmitted to the dyad and tetrads, where they are used after the resumption of intense transcription. Similar meiotic process were observed during oogenesis in animals. This indicates the existence of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of chromatin-based regulation of gene expression during meiotic prophase I.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Activity in Diplotene Larch Microsporocytes, with Emphasis on the Diffuse Stage

et al. 2015

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“…19,37 In the two species tested -which suggests the versatility of the process in plants -hypoxia-induced CBs accumulated poly(A) RNA (including RNAs encoding proteins) more intensely than the nucleus overall. The intensity of the accumulation in the CBs was inversely correlated with the level of transcription by RNA polymerase II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Regulation of poly(A) RNA retention in the nucleus as a survival strategy of plants during hypoxia

2016

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Last finding indicates that post-transcriptional processes are significant in low-oxygen conditions, but their nature is poorly understood. Here, we localized poly(A) RNA and mRNA coding proteins involved and not involved with resistance to hypoxia in Lupinus luteus and Arabidopsis thaliana during submergence and after recovery of aerobic conditions. We showed a strong nuclear accumulation of poly(A) RNA and 6 of 7 studied mRNAs with a concurrent strong reduction in RNA polymerase II transcription during hypoxia. In this study, the nucleus did not accumulate mRNA of the ADH1 (alcohol dehydrogenase 1) gene, which is a core hypoxia gene. The RNA accumulation in the nucleus is among the mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene regulation that prevents translation. However re-aeration was accompanied by a strong increase in the amount of the mRNAs in the cytoplasm and a simultaneous decrease in nuclear mRNAs. This finding indicates that the nucleus is a storage site for those of mRNAs which are not involved in the response to hypoxia for use by the plants after the hypoxic stress. In this study, the highest intensity of RNA accumulation occurred in Cajal bodies (CBs); the intensity of accumulation was inversely correlated with transcription. Under hypoxia, ncb-1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with a complete absence of CBs died sooner than wild type (WT), accompanied by a strong reduction in the level of poly(A) RNA in the nucleus. These results suggest that the CBs not only participate in the storage of the nuclear RNA, but they also could take part in its stabilization under low-oxygen conditions.

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“…However, stages in the metabolism of mRNAs can be carried out in the CB at different intensities or speeds for individual mRNAs encoding proteins, which may be indicated by the frequency of the colocalisation of the four different transcripts of CBs [44], [45], [46], [47]. The presence of protein-coding transcripts (but only those that are synthesised intensively) has also been observed in the CBs of larch meiocytes [48]. At the present stage of this research, the possibility cannot be excluded that the part of poly(A) mRNAs found in CBs are non-coding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(A) RNAs Including Coding Proteins RNAs Occur in Plant Cajal Bodies

et al. 2014

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The localisation of poly(A) RNA in plant cells containing either reticular (Allium cepa) or chromocentric (Lupinus luteus, Arabidopsis thaliana) nuclei was studied through in situ hybridisation. In both types of nuclei, the amount of poly(A) RNA was much greater in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. In the nuclei, poly(A) RNA was present in structures resembling nuclear bodies. The molecular composition as well as the characteristic ultrastructure of the bodies containing poly(A) RNA demonstrated that they were Cajal bodies. We showed that some poly(A) RNAs in Cajal bodies code for proteins. However, examination of the localisation of active RNA polymerase II and in situ run-on transcription assays both demonstrated that CBs are not sites of transcription and that BrU-containing RNA accumulates in these structures long after synthesis. In addition, it was demonstrated that accumulation of poly(A) RNA occurs in the nuclei and CBs of hypoxia-treated cells. Our findings indicated that CBs may be involved in the later stages of poly(A) RNA metabolism, playing a role storage or retention.

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mRNA accumulation in the Cajal bodies of the diplotene larch microsporocyte

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Transcriptional Activity in Diplotene Larch Microsporocytes, with Emphasis on the Diffuse Stage

Transcriptional Activity in Diplotene Larch Microsporocytes, with Emphasis on the Diffuse Stage

Regulation of poly(A) RNA retention in the nucleus as a survival strategy of plants during hypoxia

Poly(A) RNAs Including Coding Proteins RNAs Occur in Plant Cajal Bodies

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