mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or chemoimmunotherapy for solid tumours: a prospective, multicentre, non-inferiority trial

Immune responses following third COVID-19 vaccination are reduced in patients with hematological malignancies compared to patients with solid cancer

“…Patients with cancer are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 ( Grivas et al., 2021 ; Kuderer et al., 2020 ), and they are currently prioritized globally for a third COVID-19 vaccine dose. Humoral and cellular immune responses are detected after two primary COVID-19 vaccine doses in most patients with cancer ( Ehmsen et al., 2021 ; Fendler et al., 2021 ; Oosting et al., 2021 ), although neutralizing responses against variants of concern (VOCs) are reduced. Neutralizing responses are frequently impaired in patients with hematological malignancies, especially those receiving B cell-depleting therapies ( Ehmsen et al., 2021 ; Fendler et al., 2021 ; Thakkar et al., 2021 ).…”

Robust COVID-19 vaccination response after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using post transplantation cyclophosphamide conditioning

“…Antibody responses were determined as standard of care in September 2021 using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG EUA assay. A cut-off level of 300 arbitrary units (AU)/ml was chosen based on a recent analysis showing the association between SARS-CoV-2-binding antibody concentration (BAU/ml) and neutralizing antibody titer that categorized responders into adequate responders (> 300 BAU/mL) and suboptimal responders (> 10 BAU/mL but ≤300 BAU/mL) [ 2 ]. The antibody status of patients prior to vaccination was unknown.…”

Cellular Immune Response after Vaccination in Patients with Cancer—Review on Past and Present Experiences

“…A SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFNγ T cell response at four weeks after dose 2 was observed in 67% of evaluable patients with chemotherapy, 66% with immunotherapy, and 53% with chemoimmunotherapy, compared to 69% in controls [25]. Of particular interest, a cellular vaccine response was observed in 43% of serological non-responders and 47% of suboptimal responders among cancer patients [25].…”

“…As most of these techniques are labor-intensive and time-consuming, few assays have found their way into clinical practice. By far the most frequently used test for vaccine induced T cell response is the IFNγ ELISPOT, which is reported by most diagnostic trials involving large patient populations [8,[24][25][26].…”

“…The prospective VOICE trial reported on response to two-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination with mRNA-1273 in solid tumor patients [25]. A SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IFNγ T cell response at four weeks after dose 2 was observed in 67% of evaluable patients with chemotherapy, 66% with immunotherapy, and 53% with chemoimmunotherapy, compared to 69% in controls [25]. Of particular interest, a cellular vaccine response was observed in 43% of serological non-responders and 47% of suboptimal responders among cancer patients [25].…”