MRI-Tracking of Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Using Dextran-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

The aim of this study was to track dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) labeled with dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dental pulp was isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium F12 (DMEM-F12) and 10% fetal bovine serum. Effects of SPIONs on morphology, viability, apoptosis, stemness, and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of DPSCs were assessed. Prussian blue staining and MRI were conducted to determine in vitro efficiency of SPIONs uptake by the cells. Both non-labeled and labeled DPSCs were adherent to culture plates and showed spindle-shape morphologies, respectively. They were positive for osteogenic and adipogenic induction and expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 73 and CD90 biomarkers, but negative for expression of CD34 and CD45 biomarkers. The SPIONs were non-toxic and did not induce apoptosis in doses less than 25 mg/mL. Internalization of the SPIONs within the DPSCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and MRI. Our findings revealed that the MRI-based method could successfully monitor DPSCs labeled with dextran-coated SPIONs without any significant effect on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, viability, and stemness of DPSCs. We provided the in vitro evidence supporting the feasibility of an MRI-based method to monitor DPSCs labeled with SPIONs without any significant reduction in viability, proliferation, and differentiation properties of labeled cells, showing that internalization of SPIONs within DPSCs were not toxic at doses less than 25 mg/mL. In general, the SPION labeling does not seem to impair cell survival or differentiation. SPIONs are biocompatible, easily available, and cost effective, opening a new avenue in stem cell labeling in regenerative medicine.

Screening of Feijoa (<i>Acca Sellowiana</i> (<i>O. Berg</i>) <i>Burret</i>) Fruit Effect on Proliferation and Apoptosis using Bone Marrow derived Stem Cells Model

“…The cell viability was calculated at optical density of 570 nm on a microplate reader (Floustar Omega, BMG LabTech, Germany) (n=4) using the following formula (15), while Ac and Ab were considered as the absorbance in the control and blank wells: %Survival rate=A sample-(Ab×Ac-Ab)×100.…”

Proliferative and Regenerative Effect of Acetonic Extract of Feijoa sellowiana on Stem Cells

“…Cells were cryopreserved in 10% (V/V) dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO; MP Bio USA), 50% (V/V) fetal bovine serum and 40% DMEM, at a density of 1×10 6 cells/mL until use. 22 …”

“…The cDNA was synthesized by 1,000 ng total RNA in a first strand cDNA synthesis reaction using RevertAid™ First Strand cDNA Synthesis kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). 22 …”

New Insights into Biocompatible Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Potential Booster of Gene Delivery to Stem Cells

“…reported that SPIONs below the dosage of 25 mg mL −1 showed no adverse effects on the differentiation properties of dental pulp stem cells. [ 121 ] Additionally, amine‐surface‐modified SPIONs at the same concentration reported no side effects on the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation capacity of human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells. [ 122 ] Also, our previous study showed that FIONs at the optimal concentrations did not produce excess ROS and showed no adverse impacts on the multifunctional differentiation capacity of human placenta‐derived MSCs, including osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation.…”