MRI-PET Correlation in Three Dimensions Using a Volume-of-Interest (VOI) Atlas

Evans, Alan C.; Marrett, Sean; Torres-Corzo, Jaime Gerardo; Ku, Shi; Collins, D. Louis

doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1991.40

Cited by 256 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…For example, a brain atlas, with multiple segmented brain regions, will be 'warped' into new MRI data sets in order to delineate specific regions of interest (e.g. Anderson et al, 1998;Collins et al, 1992;Evans et al, 1991;Gee et al, 1993;Iosifescu et al, 1997;Kikinis et al, 1996;Shenton et al, 1995;Tiede et al, 1993). This approach will enable the segmentation of multiple regions of interest in a large number of subjects.…”

Section: Summary Of Mri Findings and Future Directions For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

Shenton

Dickey

Frumin

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

2,127

121

1,332

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After more than 100 years of research, the neuropathology of schizophrenia remains unknown and this is despite the fact that both Kraepelin (1919/1971: Kraepelin,E., 1919/1971. Dementia praecox. Churchill Livingston Inc., New York) and Bleuler (1911/1950: Bleuler, E., 1911/1950. Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias. International Universities Press, New York), who first described 'dementia praecox' and the ' schizophrenias', were convinced that schizophrenia would ultimately be linked to an organic brain disorder. Alzheimer (1897: Alzheimer, A., 1897. Beitrage zur pathologischen anatomie der hirnrinde und zur anatomischen grundlage einiger psychosen. Monatsschrift fur Psychiarie und Neurologie. 2, 82-120) was the first to investigate the neuropathology of schizophrenia, though he went on to study more tractable brain diseases. The results of subsequent neuropathological studies were disappointing because of conflicting findings. Research interest thus waned and did not flourish again until 1976, following the pivotal computer assisted tomography (CT) finding of lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia by Johnstone and colleagues. Since that time significant progress has been made in brain imaging, particularly with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), beginning with the first MRI study of schizophrenia by Smith and coworkers in 1984 (Smith, R.C., Calderon, M., Ravichandran, G. K., et al. (1984). Nuclear magnetic resonance in schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res. 12, 137-147). MR in vivo imaging of the brain now confirms brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000. This 12 year period has witnessed a burgeoning of MRI studies and has led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research. Such progress in defining the neuropathology of schizophrenia is largely due to advances in in vivo MRI techniques. These advances have now led to the identification of a number of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Some of these abnormalities confirm earlier postmortem findings, and most are small and subtle, rather than large, thus necessitating more advanced and accurate measurement tools. These findings include ventricular enlargement (80% of studies reviewed) and third ventricle enlargement (73% of studies reviewed). There is also preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe structures (74% of studies reviewed), which include the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, and neocortical temporal lobe regions (superior temporal gyrus) (100% of studies reviewed). When gray and white matter of superior temporal gyrus was combined, 67% of studies reported abnormalities. There was also moderate evidence for frontal lobe abnormalities (59% of studies reviewed), particularly prefrontal gray matter and orbitofrontal regions. Similarly, there was moderate evidence for parietal lobe ab...

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Section: Summary Of Mri Findings and Future Directions For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

Shenton

Dickey

Frumin

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

2,127

121

1,332

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The PET images were reconstructed with a 20-mm Hanning filter to overcome residual anatomical variability. PET data were normalized for global regional CBF (rCBF) and averaged across subjects for each activation state, and the mean rCBF difference image volume was obtained (17). This volume was converted to a t-statistic volume by dividing each voxel by the mean SD in normalized CBF for all intracerebral voxels (19).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Each subject also underwent a high-resolution MRI scan (160 slices; 1 mm thick) obtained with a Philips ACS system (1.5 T). The MRI volumes were coregistered with the PET data (17) and each matched pair of MRI and PET data sets was linearly resampled into a standardized stereotaxic coordinate system (17,18). The PET images were reconstructed with a 20-mm Hanning filter to overcome residual anatomical variability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of mental transformations of the body-in-space.

Bonda

Petrides

Frey

et al. 1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

297

163

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Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with positron emission tomography in human subjects during the performance of a task requiring mental rotation of their hand and a perceptually equivalent control task that did not require such a process. Comparison of the distribution of cerebral activity between these conditions demonstrated significant blood flow increases in the superior parietal cortex, the intraparietal sulcus, and the adjacent rostralmost part of the inferior parietal lobule. These findings demonstrated that, in the human brain, there is a specific system of parietal areas that are involved in mental transformations of the body-inspace.Patients with lesions of the parietal region of the brain exhibit various disturbances of body knowledge (1-3). Large parietal lesions give rise to classical syndromes such as right-left disorientation (1-3) and autotopagnosia, a deficit in localizing body parts in relation to the whole body (4-6). These syndromes are most often associated with lesions of the left hemisphere. Similarly, epileptic manifestations that accompany parietal-lobe tumors can result in disturbances of the body image, such as absence or displacement of a part of the body, transformation of a limb into a mechanical object, the phantom appearance of a third limb, and the personification of a body part (3). These intriguing phenomena are assumed to result from an impairment in the "body schema" (1-3) that traditional neurological thinking ascribed to the posterior parietal cortex (7).There is some evidence, based on single-cell recording studies with nonhuman primates, that neuronal activity in the cortex of the superior parietal lobule (area PE) and its rostrally adjacent cortex surrounding the anteriormost part of the intraparietal sulcus (area PF) codes the position and orientation of body parts in relation to each other (8, 9). We hypothesize that these areas, within the broader neural network in which they are embedded, are the essential components underlying body awareness.This neural system constantly receives information about changing states from the skin and the joints and builds, on this basis, a dynamic and plastic mental representation of the body-in-space. The body is thus placed in a continuous interactive relation with the external world. This dynamic interaction allows for the simulation of continuous spatiotemporal trajectories of body motion and specifies how one's future posture causally depends on one's current posture.

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“…The PET scanner was aligned according to this line. PET scans were coregistered with MRI scans for accurate anatomical positioning of regions of interest (frontal cortex and cerebellum) using the computer program "Register" developed at the McGill University, Montreal, Canada (Evans et al 1991). This program reslices the MRI images to the plane of the PET images.…”

Section: Pet Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%