MRI of the diffuse axonal injury

Abstract

CT has facilitated early recognition a nd treatment of focal brain injuries in patients with h ead trauma. However.CT shows relatively low sensitivity in identifying nonhemorrhagic contusion and injuries of white matte r MR is known to be supe rior to CT in detection of white matter injuries' s uch as diffuse axonal injury. MR imaging in 14 cases of diffuse a xonal injury on 2.0T was studied. The corpus callosum. especially the body portion. was the most commonly involved site. The lesions ranged from 5 to 20mm in size with ovoid to e lliptical shape. T2WI was the most sensitive pulse sequ ence in detecting lesions su ch as white matter degeneration. h emorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic contu sion.The lesions were nonspecific as high and low signal intensities on T2WI and Tl WI respectively. CT s howed white matter abnormality in only 1 case of 14 cases.We propose MR imaging as the primary imaging procedure for the detection of diffuse axonal injury because of its m 비 tiplanar capabilities and higher sensitivity

New insights on surface‐enhanced Raman scattering based on controlled aggregation and spectroscopic studies, DFT calculations and symmetry analysis for 3,6‐bi‐2‐pyridyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine adsorbed onto citrate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles

“…Metal nanoparticles are opening exciting perspectives in chemistry, physics and medicine, thanks to the possibility of incorporating new and relevant properties1–7 through their surface functionalization with molecules, surfactants and polymers. For this purpose, molecules can be anchored on the nanoparticles by using suitable groups to interact with the surface, promoting in some cases specific orientation of the adsorbate 8–11. In the particular case of gold, silver and copper nanoparticles, the adsorbates exposed to the surface plasmons can be probed by means of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, through the strong enhancement of selected vibrational peaks of the molecules 12.…”

Interfacial Behavior of Benzoic Acid and Phenylphosphonic Acid on Nanocrystalline TiO2 Surfaces

“…In the surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectra, it has been previously documented that the presence of the n(CH) band indicates a vertical orientation of the aromatic adsorbates. [28,29] This observation might indicate the perpendicular orientation of BA on TiO 2 surfaces. Because of the absence of many modes representing the molecular symmetry, we could not apply the surface selection rules [28] for the present work.…”

“…[28,29] This observation might indicate the perpendicular orientation of BA on TiO 2 surfaces. Because of the absence of many modes representing the molecular symmetry, we could not apply the surface selection rules [28] for the present work. From the selection rule, [29] it was reported that the out-of-plane modes should be weakened for the perpendicular orientation of adsobates on surfaces.…”