MRI of Rhabdomyosarcoma and Other Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in                    Children

Clemente, Emilio J. Inarejos; Navallas, María; Barber, Ignasi; Suñol, Mariona; Munuera, Josep; Torner, Ferrán; Garraus, Moira; Navarro, Oscar M.

doi:10.1148/rg.2020190119

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Although no DWI of RMS metastasis has been reported, malignancies like RMS are strongly associated with decreased diffusion due to the high cellularity, 11,12,17 which is consistent with our report. Within 3 months before operation, proportion of predominant restricted diffusion area became smaller while central area with increased diffusion enlarged, which was compatible with the aggressiveness of tumor and expansion of necrosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…It usually shows iso‐ to hyperintensity on T1WI, heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI and heterogeneous contrast enhancement when occurring at other sites. Meanwhile, solid area displays restricted diffusion on DWI and type III/IV TIC, whereas fluid signal (hemorrhage/necrosis/myxoid component) showing hyperintensity on T2WI performs no restriction and type I TIC 10–12 . When RMS deposits to the breast, only very few literatures described the MRI appearances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast: A case report and literature review

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2021

The Breast Journal

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Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common malignancy in children, but embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) deposits rarely occur in the breast in adults. Therefore, little is known about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of breast metastases from RMS, especially the embryonal type. We reported a case of a 22‐year‐old woman who was diagnosed with ERMS at left foot 2 years ago and accepted operation and chemotherapy. She was confirmed to have breast metastases from the left foot. Successive imaging examinations were performed 3 months apart. Breast ultrasound indicated a benign lesion, and further examination did not reveal any bone metastases. However, predominant restricted diffusion and rim contrast enhancement on MRI combined with the patient's medical history suggested a malignancy of BI‐RADS 5. After 3 months, breast ultrasound revealed masses detected last time became larger and lobulated. In addition, internal heterogeneous intensity and rim contrast enhancement with restricted diffusion were revealed on MRI. We speculated that typical MRI findings of breast metastases from RMS may include iso‐ to hypointensity on T1WI, heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI, and circular enhancement with restricted diffusion. Moreover, mild peritumoral edema, rapid expansion of necrosis, and ascending time‐intensity curve detected on MRI may be features of the ERMS type.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast: A case report and literature review

Chen

Jiang

et al. 2021

The Breast Journal

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“…RMS appeared slightly hypodense or isodense with homogeneous enhancement in CT [12]. On T1-weighted images (T1WI), RMS showed isointensity and heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2weighted images (T2WI) [13]. A previous study showed that heterogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI and nodular-shaped enhancement patterns in tumors may be considered as specific MRI features for RMS [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Non-orbital Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma Presented With Optic Neuropathy

Hassan¹,

Hitam²,

Masnon³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma presentations are widely variable and non-specific initial features. We report a rare case of non-orbital sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma presented with optic neuropathy. A 15-year-old female patient initially presented with upper gum swelling and pain for 3 months. It was associated with loosening of teeth. Subsequently, the patient developed recurrent epistaxis follow by left facial swelling and blurring of vision. Examination showed marked left facial swelling with mild proptosis. Visual acuity in the left eye was no perception of light with the presence of relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundoscopy showed left optic atrophy. Neuroimaging showed large aggressive soft tissue mass on the left infratemporal, masticator, and parapharyngeal space with a local extension to the sphenoid sinus. There was also an intracranial extension to the left temporal lobe with the base of skull bone destruction. Transnasal endoscopic biopsy revealed sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma. Management was with chemotherapy. Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma may present with optic nerve involvement that may carry a guarded prognosis to the eyes.

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“…DW series are standard of care in many centers given their ability to facilitate the differentiation between active residual disease and reactive surrounding tissue. However, there is still a need for systematic prospective evaluation of its role in diagnosis and response evaluation in PM‐RMS, and this is being evaluated in the current EpSSG FaR‐RMS study 12,13 …”

Section: Consensus Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local control of parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma: An expert consensus guideline from the International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Consortium (INSTRuCT)

Casey

Mandeville

Bradley

et al. 2022

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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The International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Database Consortium (INSTRuCT) consists of a collaboration between the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee, the European pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG), and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS). As part of the larger initiative of INSTRuCT to provide consensus expert opinions for clinical treatment of pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, we sought to provide updated, evidenced-based consensus guidelines for local treatment of parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma using both existing literature as well as recommendations from the relevant cooperative group clinical trials. Overall, parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma represents a distinctly challenging disease to treat, given its location near many critical structures in the head and neck, frequently advanced local presentation, and predilection for local failure. Definitive chemoradiation remains the standard treatment approach for parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma, with surgery often limited to biopsy or salvage therapy for recurrent disease. In this consensus paper, we specifically discuss consensus guidelines and evidence for definitive local management with radiotherapy, with a focus on imaging for radiotherapy planning, dose and timing of radiation, approach for nodal irradiation, various radiation techniques, including proton therapy, and the limited role of surgical resection.

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MRI of Rhabdomyosarcoma and Other Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in Children

Cited by 57 publications

References 77 publications

Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast: A case report and literature review

Metastatic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the breast: A case report and literature review

Non-orbital Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma Presented With Optic Neuropathy

Local control of parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma: An expert consensus guideline from the International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Consortium (INSTRuCT)

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