MRI for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Myocarditis

Gagliardi, Maria Giulia; Polletta, B.; Renzi, Paolo Di

doi:10.1161/circ.99.3.457/a

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…When MRI images are examined for post-gadolinium enhancement of the myocardium, almost 100% of patients show focal or diffuse enhancement not seen in normal control subjects. Two studies have shown 100% sensitivity and specificity for myocarditis detection by MRI (55,56), and an editorial encourages its use to detect myocarditis (57). Magnetic resonance imaging will initially show a focal enhancement in acute myocarditis, but within a week this becomes diffuse (55,58).…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review

Cassimatis

Atwood

Engler

et al. 2004

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

169

131

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Smallpox is a devastating viral illness that was eradicated after an aggressive, widespread vaccination campaign. Routine U.S. childhood vaccinations ended in 1972, and routine military vaccinations ended in 1990. Recently, the threat of bioterrorist use of smallpox has revived the need for vaccination. Over 450,000 U.S. military personnel received the vaccination between December 2002 and June 2003, with rates of non-cardiac complications at or below historical levels. The rate of cardiac complications, however, has been higher than expected, with two confirmed cases and over 50 probable cases of myopericarditis after vaccination reported to the Department of Defense Smallpox Vaccination Program. The practicing physician should use the history and physical, electrocardiogram, and cardiac biomarkers in the initial evaluation of a post-vaccination patient with chest pain. Echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, and cardiac biopsy may be of use in further workup. Treatment is with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, four to six weeks of limited exertion, and conventional heart failure treatment as necessary. Immune suppressant therapy with steroids may be uniquely beneficial in myopericarditis related to smallpox vaccination, compared with other types of myopericarditis. If a widespread vaccination program is undertaken in the future, many more cases of post-vaccinial myopericarditis could be seen. Practicing physicians should be aware that smallpox vaccine-associated myopericarditis is a real entity, and symptoms after vaccination should be appropriately evaluated, treated if necessary, and reported to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System.

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review

Cassimatis

Atwood

Engler

et al. 2004

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

169

131

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“…Endomyocardial biopsy identifies the inflammation markers only in few patients with extensive myocarditis [2]. Therefore, further noninvasive cardiac methods, as single photon emission computed tomography, multislice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been proposed to detect focal inflammation within myocardium [3][4][5][6]. Cardiac MRI is the only method that uses no ionising radiations, and provides an optimal assessment of morphology and function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac MRI is the only method that uses no ionising radiations, and provides an optimal assessment of morphology and function. Moreover, delayed contrast enhancement technique is able to recognize myocardial fibrosis as a consequence of myocarditis [5,6]. We report the cases of two Caucasian male patients (patients A and B, 21 and 19 years, respectively) who were admitted to our intensive care unite for acute chest pain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early diagnosis of focal myocarditis by cardiac magnetic resonance

Bella¹,

Gregorio²,

Minutoli³

et al. 2007

International Journal of Cardiology

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“…In addition, delayed contrastenhancement extended from the pericardium to the subpericardial myocardium affected by myocarditis. It is reported that the myocardium affected by inflammation is observed as an area of high intensity on T2-weighted and contrast T1-weighted images obtained by MRI [11][12][13]. The first cardiac MRI was performed on day 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed contrast enhancement in a patient with perimyocarditis on contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI: case report

Teraoka

Hirano

Yannbe

et al. 2005

Int J Cardiovasc Imaging

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The findings of contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of a 19-year-old man with perimyocarditis in the subacute and chronic stage are presented. In perimyocarditis., it is useful to check the presence of delayed contrast enhancement to confirm the presence of the lesion and to evaluate the severity of inflammation in the acute stage as well as to determine the extent of fibrosis in the pericardium and myocardium in the chronic stage.

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MRI for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Myocarditis

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review

Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review

Early diagnosis of focal myocarditis by cardiac magnetic resonance

Delayed contrast enhancement in a patient with perimyocarditis on contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI: case report

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