MRI findings in patients with affective disorder: a meta‐analysis

Videbech, Poul

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb10146.x

Cited by 210 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…217 T2 hyperintensities in white and grey matter are probably the most replicated structural finding in BD. According to meta-analyses, the risk of WMH in bipolar patients is over three times higher than that found in psychiatrically healthy control subjects, 218,219 although several studies have reported negative results. [220][221][222] Genetic factors account for the largest proportion of variation in WMH volumes.…”

Section: Basal Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The phenotypes of bipolar disorder: relevance for genetic investigations

2005

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The search for susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder (BD) depends on appropriate definitions of the phenotype. In this paper, we review data on diagnosis and clinical features of BD that could be used in genetic studies to better characterize patients or to define homogeneous subgroups. Clinical symptoms, long-term course, comorbid conditions, and response to prophylactic treatment may define groups associated with more or less specific loci. One such group is characterized by symptoms of psychosis and linkage to 13q and 22q. A second group includes mainly bipolar II patients with comorbid panic disorder, rapid mood switching, and evidence of chromosome 18 linkage. A third group comprises typical BD with an episodic course and favourable response to lithium prophylaxis. Reproducibility of cognitive deficits across studies raises the possibility of using cognitive profiles as endophenotypes of BD, with deficits in verbal explicit memory and executive function commonly reported. Brain imaging provides a more ambiguous data set consistent with heterogeneity of the illness. Keywords: bipolar disorder; genetics; endophenotype; neurocognitive function; brain imaging Bipolar disorder (BD) has a genetic basis with heritability of at least 80%. 1 A number of studies have attempted to map the susceptibility loci giving evidence of linkage in multiple genomic regions. In particular, findings in 4p, 4q, 8q, 10p, 12q24, 13q, 18p, 18q, 21q, and 22q have been supported by more than one study. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, these studies have not identified any specific genes, and a recent metaanalysis of available genome scans showed no regions with a conclusive evidence of linkage. 20 The relatively slow progress of gene-mapping efforts is often explained by the 'complex' nature of the illness and of the genotype-phenotype relation. The complexity most likely includes heterogeneity, interactions of multiple loci, incomplete penetrance, as well as phenotypes resulting from environmental effects-either alone or in interaction with the genetic predisposition. The goal of psychiatric genetic research is identification of (heritable) variations in DNA sequence or function that influence behaviour or give rise to mental illness. By definition, in complex (multifactorial) traits, this link is not unique and specific. That is, a particular change in gene sequence does not necessarily lead to a specific behaviour, and similar behaviours (symptoms) may be due to distinct (sets of) genes. Moreover, we must consider the possibility that the path between the genotype and behaviour is not unidirectional. Emerging examples point not only to general effects of environment, for instance stress, on behaviour, but also to specific behaviours influencing gene function that can be transmitted onto the next generation. 21 No single method is considered clearly superior in identifying susceptibility genes for complex traits such as BD. Most researchers agree that a combination of strategies is most lik...

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Section: Basal Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

The phenotypes of bipolar disorder: relevance for genetic investigations

2005

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“…Indeed, several studies have reported decreased or increased volumes of the subgenual gyrus and the AH complex in patients with unipolar and bipolar affective disorders, 3,12 but the empirical evidence of WM abnormalities in these regions is less clear. Several studies have reported increased WM hyperintensities in general [13][14][15] and in frontal brain regions in particular. 16,17 Similarly, voxel-based morphometry studies have shown a significantly reduced WM density in prefrontal regions encompassing frontostriatal connections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased white matter connectivity in euthymic bipolar patients: diffusion tensor tractography between the subgenual cingulate and the amygdalo-hippocampal complex

et al. 2007

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Bipolar disorder has been associated with anatomical as well as functional abnormalities in a brain network that mediates normal and impaired emotion regulation. Previous brain imaging studies have highlighted the subgenual cingulate (SC) and the amygdalo-hippocampal (AH) complex as core regions of this network. Thus we investigated white matter (WM) fiber tracts between the SC and the AH region, the uncinate fasciculus, as well as between two control regions (pons and cerebellum), using diffusion tensor imaging tractography in 16 euthymic bipolar patients (BP) and 16 sex-, age-and handedness-matched controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the reconstructed fiber bundle and the number of virtual reconstructed fibers were compared between groups. The tractography results revealed a significantly increased number of reconstructed fibers between the left SC and left AH in BP as compared to healthy controls. FA and ADC of the reconstructed fiber tract did not differ significantly between the groups. Furthermore, no significant group differences were observed neither for reconstructed fiber tracts between the right SC and right AH nor between the control regions. The present results suggest an altered WM pathway between the left SC and AH region and thus extend previous findings of anatomical and functional modifications in these structures in BP.

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“…3 It has been reported that patients with bipolar disorder more frequently have subcortical hyperintensity (SCH) lesions in the brain detected by T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) than do agematched healthy volunteers. 4,5 Subcortical hyperintensity in patients with bipolar disorder is not related to cardiac risk factors 6,7 but to positive family history, which suggests it may not be attributable to merely ischemic lesions. 8 Although its histopathological basis has never been reported, our recent study using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested that SCH in subjects with bipolar disorder might have a different biochemical basis to that in healthy aged subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter hyperintensity detected by magnetic resonance imaging and lithium response in bipolar disorder: A preliminary observation

Kato

Fujii

Kamiya

et al. 2000

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The possible relationship between deep white matter hyperintensity (WMHI) lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging and response to lithium was examined in 16 patients with bipolar disorder who had been under maintenance treatment with lithium for more than 1 year. Bipolar patients who had higher scores of WMHI responded significantly better to lithium (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) than did those who had lower scores. This preliminary result suggests that the presence of WMHI may be associated with a better response to lithium.

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MRI findings in patients with affective disorder: a meta‐analysis

Cited by 210 publications

References 82 publications

The phenotypes of bipolar disorder: relevance for genetic investigations

The phenotypes of bipolar disorder: relevance for genetic investigations

Increased white matter connectivity in euthymic bipolar patients: diffusion tensor tractography between the subgenual cingulate and the amygdalo-hippocampal complex

White matter hyperintensity detected by magnetic resonance imaging and lithium response in bipolar disorder: A preliminary observation

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