MRI findings in Duane's ocular retraction syndrome

Xia, Shuang; Li, R.L.; Li, Y.P.; Qian, Xuehan; Chong, Vincent; Qi, Ji

doi:10.1016/j.crad.2013.12.010

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In a previous study on MRI identification of cranial nerves in dogs with both normal and abnormal brain, CNVI was already reported to be not recognized with certainty even with thinner 2‐mm slices . More specific MRI protocols to identify CNVI could help to better investigate dogs with these clinical signs . The LRM did not appear different in size when comparing the left and right eye; however, transverse T1W images of the orbits perpendicular to their longitudinal axis could have refined this comparison allowing more precise measurement of their cross‐sectional area …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, in DRS, the LRM is innervated by branches of CNIII thus preventing the muscle atrophy that would occur in congenital abducens palsy . MRI studies in people with DRS have demonstrated both the absence of the CNVI on the affected side and the normal size of the LRM in patients with DRS compared to patients with abducent nerve palsy . The common innervation of the MRM and LRM in patients with DRS results in a phenomenon known as ‘co‐contraction’ which causes the typical, almost pathognomonic, retraction of the globe on attempted adduction .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraocular muscle dysinnervation disorder resembling Duane retraction syndrome in a 9‐month‐old French Bulldog

Mari

Blacklock

Stavinohova

et al. 2016

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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A 9-month-old French Bulldog was presented with a chronic history of lateral strabismus and intermittent third eyelid protrusion in the left eye. The neuro-ophthalmological examination revealed mild ptosis of the left upper eyelid, mild lateral strabismus, and external ophthalmoparesis of the left eye. Retraction and ventral deviation of the left eye globe with protrusion of the third eyelid and elevation of the upper eyelid were elicited on attempted voluntary adduction of the left eye. Hematology, serum biochemistry, serology for infectious diseases, magnetic resonance of the head, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis did not reveal significant abnormalities. Forced duction test did not show signs of mechanical restriction in ocular motility. A suspected congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder resembling Duane retraction syndrome in humans was diagnosed based on the typical clinical signs and exclusion of structural abnormalities. The clinical signs remained stable for 9 months until the time of writing this report.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraocular muscle dysinnervation disorder resembling Duane retraction syndrome in a 9‐month‐old French Bulldog

Mari

Blacklock

Stavinohova

et al. 2016

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…Since the first MR report of the absent abducens nerve by Parsa et al,[ 6 ] there have been four studies that evaluated the presence of the abducens nerve according to the type of DRS. Among them, the studies of Xia et al’s [ 7 ] and Denis et al’s [ 8 , 9 ] included only type 1 and 2, and not DRS type 3. Therefore, there have been only two studies covering all the three types of DRS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abducens Nerve in Patients with Type 3 Duane’s Retraction Syndrome

Yang¹,

Kim²,

Hwang³

2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundWe have previously reported that the presence of the abducens nerve was variable in patients with type 3 Duane’s retraction syndrome (DRS), being present in 2 of 5 eyes (40%) and absent in 3 (60%) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The previous study included only 5 eyes with unilateral DRS type 3.ObjectivesTo supplement existing scarce pathologic information by evaluating the presence of the abducens nerve using high resolution thin-section MRI system in a larger number of patients with DRS type 3, thus to provide further insight into the pathogenesis of DRS.Data ExtractionA retrospective review of medical records on ophthalmologic examination and high resolution thin-section MRI at the brainstem level and orbit was performed. A total of 31 patients who showed the typical signs of DRS type 3, including abduction and adduction deficit, globe retraction, narrowing of fissure on adduction and upshoot and/or downshoot, were included. The abducens nerve and any other extraocular muscle abnormalities discovered by MRI were noted.ResultsDRS was unilateral in 26 patients (84%) and bilateral in 5 patients (16%). Two out of 5 bilateral patients had DRS type 3 in the right eye and DRS type 1 in the left eye. Of the 34 affected orbits with DRS type 3 in 31 patients, the abducens nerve was absent or hypoplastic in 31 eyes (91%) and present in 3 eyes (9%). Patients with a present abducens nerve showed more limitation in adduction compared to patients with an absent abducens nerve (P = 0.030).ConclusionsThe abducens nerve is absent or hypoplastic in 91% of DRS type 3. Patients with a present abducens nerve showed more prominent limitation of adduction. As DRS type 3 partly share the same pathophysiology with type 1 and 2 DRS, the classification of DRS may have to be revised according to MRI findings.

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“…At MR imaging, the abducens nerve is absent, with a relatively small ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. Absence or hypoplasia of the abducens nerve is seen in most cases of Duane retraction syndrome type I, although controversial in type II (44,45) (Fig 8b).…”

Section: Oculomotor Trochlear and Abducens Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial Nerve Disorders in Children: MR Imaging Findings

Hwang¹,

Yoon²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

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Cranial nerve disorders are uncommon disease conditions encountered in pediatric patients, and can be categorized as congenital, inflammatory, traumatic, or tumorous conditions that involve the cranial nerve itself or propagation of the disorder from adjacent organs. However, determination of the normal course, as well as abnormalities, of cranial nerves in pediatric patients is challenging because of the small caliber of the cranial nerve, as well as the small intracranial and skull base structures. With the help of recently developed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques that provide higher spatial resolution and fast imaging techniques including three-dimensional MR images with or without the use of gadolinium contrast agent, radiologists can more easily diagnose disease conditions that involve the small cranial nerves, such as the oculomotor, abducens, facial, and hypoglossal nerves, as well as normal radiologic anatomy, even in very young children. If cranial nerve involvement is suspected, careful evaluation of the cranial nerves should include specific MR imaging protocols. Localization is an important consideration in cranial nerve imaging, and should cover entire pathways and target organs as much as possible. Therefore, radiologists should be familiar not only with the various diseases that cause cranial nerve dysfunction, and the entire course of each cranial nerve including the intra-axial nuclei and fibers, but also the technical considerations for optimal imaging of pediatric cranial nerves. In this article, we briefly review normal cranial nerve anatomy and imaging findings of various pediatric cranial nerve dysfunctions, as well as the technical considerations of pediatric cranial nerve imaging.

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MRI findings in Duane's ocular retraction syndrome

Cited by 31 publications

References 26 publications

Extraocular muscle dysinnervation disorder resembling Duane retraction syndrome in a 9‐month‐old French Bulldog

Extraocular muscle dysinnervation disorder resembling Duane retraction syndrome in a 9‐month‐old French Bulldog

Abducens Nerve in Patients with Type 3 Duane’s Retraction Syndrome

Cranial Nerve Disorders in Children: MR Imaging Findings

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