MRI features of toxoplasma encephalitis in the immunocompetent host: a report of two cases

Pb, Vastava; Pradhan, Sunil; Jha, Sanjeev; Kn, Prasad; Kumar, Sunil; Rk, Gupta

doi:10.1007/s00234-002-0852-5

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The so-called sexual phase takes places in felines, which are the parasite’s primary host. The following asexual phase can occur in other warm-blooded animals, including humans [8, 9, 23]. …”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxoplasma cysts are mostly found in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain, and they can remain latent or course subclinically in healthy adults [8, 23]. Foetal infection can cause congenital toxoplasmosis coursing with a wide spectrum of manifestations, from mild symptoms that can remain unapparent until late in infancy, to more fatal and severe forms in newborns that are now rare thanks to preventive and protective measures during pregnancy.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most lesions are located in the basal ganglia, corticomedullary junction, white matter, and periventricular region due to its haematogenous spread [8, 9, 23, 24]. MR has proved to be the most sensitive imaging modality for the detection of cerebral toxoplasmosis, and it is able to delineate the true extent of the disease [8].…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Toxoplasmosis lesions show homogeneous nodular or ring enhancement (Fig. 3) [8, 9, 23–26]. In immunocompromised patients, enhancement may vary according to their cellular immunological response; if there is poor enhancement it may be minimal or absent.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An imaging finding highly suggestive for toxoplasmosis is the “asymmetric target sign,” which is a small eccentric nodule along the wall of the enhancing ring, likely representing a thrombosed vein (Fig. 3d) [23, 25, 27]. Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted images (DWI and PWI) and spectroscopy can be valuable tools to differentiate toxoplasmosis from other mimicking conditions, such as brain lymphoma and other infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unexpected hosts: imaging parasitic diseases

et al. 2016

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Radiologists seldom encounter parasitic diseases in their daily practice in most of Europe, although the incidence of these diseases is increasing due to migration and tourism from/to endemic areas. Moreover, some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain European regions, and immunocompromised individuals also pose a higher risk of developing these conditions. This article reviews and summarises the imaging findings of some of the most important and frequent human parasitic diseases, including information about the parasite’s life cycle, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment. We include malaria, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, cysticercosis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, ascariasis, anisakiasis, dracunculiasis, and strongyloidiasis. The aim of this review is to help radiologists when dealing with these diseases or in cases where they are suspected. Teaching Points • Incidence of parasitic diseases is increasing due to migratory movements and travelling. • Some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain regions in Europe. • Parasitic diseases can have complex life cycles often involving different hosts. • Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for patient management in parasitic diseases. • Radiologists should be able to recognise and suspect the most relevant parasitic diseases.

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Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Unexpected hosts: imaging parasitic diseases

et al. 2016

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Imaging characteristics of toxoplasmosis encephalitis after bone marrow transplantation: report of two cases and review of the literature

Mueller-Mang

Mang

Kalhs³

et al. 2005

Neuroradiology

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Toxoplasmosis encephalitis is a severe, but often misdiagnosed complication in patients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We describe the unique computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of cerebral toxoplasmosis in two bone marrow recipients and compare them to the cases in the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first report analyzing the appearance of cerebral toxoplasmosis on diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI).

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Unusual cause of dementia in an immunocompetent host: toxoplasmic encephalitis

et al. 2009

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A 69-year-old male was presented with a 2-month history of cognitive decline. The most profound deficit was observed in short-term verbal and visual memory and recognition. He was otherwise healthy, apart from atrial fibrillation diagnosed 5 months before. Brain MRI revealed T2 hyperintensities in the left thalamus, right pulvinar thalami, both putamina and right head of caudate nucleus without diffusion restriction on DWI sequences. CSF examination revealed elevated proteins. He was HIV negative. The course of the disease was complicated with gram negative sepsis and the patient died 14 days later. Autopsy revealed the brain lesions to have been caused by toxoplasmic encephalitis. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is an extremely rare cause of rapidly progressive dementia in immunocompetent patients. In patients with multiple lesions, hyperintense on T2 and hypointense on T1 weighted sequences, without diffusion restriction and some expansive effect, infectious causes should be considered, even in the absence of classical signs of infectious diseases and CSF pleocythosis.

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MRI features of toxoplasma encephalitis in the immunocompetent host: a report of two cases

Abstract: Central nervous system involvement due to toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent host is rare. We describe MRI features in two immunocompetent patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis and compare these with those for the immunocompromised host.

Cited by 28 publications

References 6 publications

Unexpected hosts: imaging parasitic diseases

Unexpected hosts: imaging parasitic diseases

Imaging characteristics of toxoplasmosis encephalitis after bone marrow transplantation: report of two cases and review of the literature

Unusual cause of dementia in an immunocompetent host: toxoplasmic encephalitis

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