MR spectroscopy of cervical spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis

Kendi, Ayşe Tuba Karagülle; Tan, Funda Uysal; Kendi, Mustafa; Huvaj, Sinef; Tellioğlu, Serdar

doi:10.1007/s00234-004-1231-1

Cited by 72 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A recent post-mortem study showed convincingly that a substantial damage to neurons occurs in the spinal cord of MS cases, with spinal interneurons being affected at all cord levels 21. Furthermore, quantitative MRI studies of the cervical cord in MS patients reported a reduction in N-acetylaspartate24 and cord GM magnetisation transfer alterations in both relapsing25 and progressive26 MS cases. With RRMS patients, the cord GM MT ratio has also been shown to contribute to their disability 25.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cervical cord functional MRI changes in relapse-onset MS patients

Valsasina

Absinta

Sala

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cervical cord functional MRI changes in relapse-onset MS patients

Valsasina

Absinta

Sala

et al. 2009

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…In general, voxels with a volume of about 2 ml and located between C1–C3 (Ciccarelli et al, 2007, 2010) and C2–C3 (Marliani et al, 2007, 2010) have been used, although voxels positioned between C3 and C7 (Kendi et al, 2004) and between C6 and C7 (Henning et al, 2008), have been used. MRS in the lower cervical and thoracic cord is technically very difficult because receiver coils are generally less sensitive to these regions, the spinal cord is smaller, and the amount of vertebral bone is increased, causing further field inhomogeneities that make shimming challenging.…”

Section: Current State-of-the-art and How Challenges Are Being Addrementioning

confidence: 99%

The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: Methods

et al. 2014

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A first-ever spinal cord imaging meeting was sponsored by the International Spinal Research Trust and the Wings for Life Foundation with the aim of identifying the current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging, the current greatest challenges, and greatest needs for future development. This meeting was attended by a small group of invited experts spanning all aspects of spinal cord imaging from basic research to clinical practice. The greatest current challenges for spinal cord imaging were identified as arising from the imaging environment itself; difficult imaging environment created by the bone surrounding the spinal canal, physiological motion of the cord and adjacent tissues, and small cross-sectional dimensions of the spinal cord, exacerbated by metallic implants often present in injured patients. Challenges were also identified as a result of a lack of “critical mass” of researchers taking on the development of spinal cord imaging, affecting both the rate of progress in the field, and the demand for equipment and software to manufacturers to produce the necessary tools. Here we define the current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging, discuss the underlying theory and challenges, and present the evidence for the current and potential power of these methods. In two review papers (part I and part II), we propose that the challenges can be overcome with advances in methods, improving availability and effectiveness of methods, and linking existing researchers to create the necessary scientific and clinical network to advance the rate of progress and impact of the research.

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“…Significant differences in NA, Cr, Cho and mI concentrations were observed between spinal cord and brainstem. A study in MS patients found reduced level of NAA in the cervical spinal cord in MS supporting the presence of axonal loss and damage in normal-appearing spinal cords of MS patients 82. Significant correlations were also observed between Cr, Cho, and mI levels in the cervical cord and disability, as measured by EDSS and 9-hole peg test 38…”

Section: Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 93%

Advanced MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Future Challenges

et al. 2011

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SynopsisMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has rapidly become a leading research tool in the study of multiple sclerosis (MS). Conventional imaging is useful in diagnosis and management of the inflammatory stages of MS, but has limitations in describing the degree of tissue injury as well as the cause of progressive disability seen in the later stages of disease. Advanced MRI techniques hold promise to fill this void. Magnetization transfer imaging is a widely available technique that can characterize demyelination and may be useful in measuring putative remyelinating therapies. Diffusion tensor imaging describes the three-dimensional diffusion of water and holds promise in characterizing neurodegeneration and putative neuroprotective therapies. Spectroscopy measures the imbalance of cellular metabolites and could help unravel the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in MS. Functional (f) MRI can be used to understand the functional consequences of MS injury, including the impact on cortical function and compensatory mechanisms. These imaging tools hold great promise to increase our understanding of MS pathogenesis and provide greater insight into the efficacy of new MS therapies. Keywords MRI; imaging; magnetization transfer imaging; spectroscopy; functional MRI; diffusion tensor imaging IntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique, providing excellent contrast between intact and demyelinated white matter. MRI lesions typically persist for decades, providing a long term record of MS injury within the brain and spinal cord. MRI was formally integrated into the MS diagnostic criteria in 2000 and can be used © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Corresponding Author: Robert J. Fox, MD, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis, 9500 Euclid Ave, U-10, Cleveland, OH 44122, FOXR@ccf.org. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 105 MRI also has been an important tool in the study of new MS agents, where reduction in new lesions is usually the primary outcome of phase II trials of anti-inflammatory therapies. NIH Public AccessConventional MRI modalities include T2-weighted, T1-weighted, and post-gadolinium T1-weighted images. Although useful in the diagnosis and management of MS, conventional imaging has several limitations. Lesions are non-specific, indicating areas of inflammation, demyelination, ischemia, edema, cell loss, gliosis. Conventional imaging is unable to differentiate between these different pathologies. Conventional imaging also poorly characterizes the degree of injury in demyelinated lesions. In addition, conventional imagin...

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MR spectroscopy of cervical spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis

Cited by 72 publications

References 11 publications

Cervical cord functional MRI changes in relapse-onset MS patients

Cervical cord functional MRI changes in relapse-onset MS patients

The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: Methods

Advanced MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Future Challenges

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