MR imaging of the her2/neu and 9.2.27 tumor antigens using immunospecific contrast agents

Funovics, Martin; Kapeller, Barbara; Höeller, Christoph; Su, Henry S.; Kunstfeld, Rainer; Puig, S.; Macfelda, Karin

doi:10.1016/j.mri.2004.01.050

Cited by 127 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The coupling time was markedly reduced, and our results show that each type of USPIO nanoparticle may bind three GPC3 antibodies or 12 AFP antibodies. This is consistent with findings reported by other laboratories, 22 when a two-step method has been used to synthesize such probes.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Preparation and in vitro studies of MRI-specific superparamagnetic iron oxide antiGPC3 probe for hepatocellular carcinoma

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2012

IJN

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Background:The aim of this study was to develop an antiGPC3-ultrasuperparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) probe for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: GPC3 and AFP receptors were selected as biomarkers and conjugated with USPIO nanoparticles coated by dextran with carboxylate groups to synthesize antiGPC3-USPIO and antiAFP-USPIO probes. HepG2 cells (a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell model with high expression of GPC3) were used along with SMMC-7721 cells (a hepatocellular carcinoma cell model with no expression of GPC3), HeLa cells (a cervical cancer model), and HL-7702 (normal hepatocytes) which were used as controls. After incubation with the probes, the iron content in the cells was calculated, USPIO nanoparticles in cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy, and T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured with a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner. Results: AntiGPC3-USPIO probes with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 47 nm showed good biological compatibility. Transmission electron microscopic images indicated that the amount of USPIO nanoparticles taken up was significantly higher in HepG2 cells incubated with antiGPC3-USPIO than that in HepG2 cells incubated with antiAFP-USPIO or USPIO nanoparticles and that in the SMMC-7721 or HeLa cells incubated with antiGPC3-USPIO probes, antiAFP-USPIO probes, or USPIO nanoparticles. The higher the concentration and the longer the incubation time, the greater the number of USPIO nanoparticles found in the cells. No USPIO nanoparticles were found in the HL-7702 cells. All of the HepG2, SMMC-7721, and HeLa cells incubated with antiGPC3-USPIO, antiAFP-USPIO, or USPIO nanoparticles were able to shorten the T1 and T2 values in agar solution, especially the T2 images of HepG2 cells incubated with antiGPC3-USPIO probes. Conclusion: AntiGPC3-USPIO probes can be utilized as a specific magnetic resonance targeting contrast agent for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Using a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner, the optimal time for imaging HepG2 cells was around 2-4 hours after incubation with antiGPC3-USPIO probes. Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, hepatocellular carcinoma, HepG2 cells, superparamagnetic iron oxide antiGPC3-USPIO probe IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common malignant tumor worldwide, with 50% of cases occurring in China. Hepatocellular carcinoma usually occurs in patients with chronic parenchymal liver disease, especially chronic infection with hepatitis B or C virus or cirrhosis. 1 The results of treatment are unsatisfactory because hepatocellular carcinoma cannot be diagnosed in its early stages, and symptoms only appear when the disease is advanced. Therefore, early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma is very important. Dovepresssubmit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Many molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have been reported to be able to detect and diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma. One involves targeting normal hepatocytes, whereby arabinogalactan can be taken up by normal ...

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Preparation and in vitro studies of MRI-specific superparamagnetic iron oxide antiGPC3 probe for hepatocellular carcinoma

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2012

IJN

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“…Particles such as crosslinked iron oxide [69,70], ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide [71,72], and monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles [73,74] had all been developed as imaging agents in magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic particles have been used to immobilize enzymes in order to enhance bioelement stability, ease separation from the reaction mixture, and increase catalyst stability, and they have been proposed for biotechnological applications [75] or for analytical devices, such as biosensors [76,77].…”

Section: Magnetic Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme immobilization: an update

et al. 2013

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Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. More importantly, the heterogeneity of the immobilized enzyme systems allows an easy recovery of both enzymes and products, multiple re-use of enzymes, continuous operation of enzymatic processes, rapid termination of reactions, and greater variety of bioreactor designs. This paper is a review of the recent literatures on enzyme immobilization by various techniques, the need for immobilization and different applications in industry, covering the last two decades. The most recent papers, patents, and reviews on immobilization strategies and application are reviewed.

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“…148 In another embodiment, SPIO-herceptin was able to mark the HEr-2/neu (c-erb B-2) tyrosine kinase receptor. 9,44 This target has been found to be overexpressed on breast cancer cells in 25% of women with metastatic breast cancer. Additionally, a monoclonal antibody bound to SPIO was able to bind an unknown ligand expressed in colorectal cancers.…”

Section: Cancer Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging

et al. 2006

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Abstract-The field of molecular imaging has recently seen rapid advances in the development of novel contrast agents and the implementation of insightful approaches to monitor biological processes non-invasively. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) have demonstrated their utility as an important tool for enhancing magnetic resonance contrast, allowing researchers to monitor not only anatomical changes, but physiological and molecular changes as well. Applications have ranged from detecting inflammatory diseases via the accumulation of non-targeted SPIO in infiltrating macrophages to the specific identification of cell surface markers expressed on tumors. In this article, we attempt to illustrate the broad utility of SPIO in molecular imaging, including some of the recent developments, such as the transformation of SPIO into an activatable probe termed the magnetic relaxation switch.

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MR imaging of the her2/neu and 9.2.27 tumor antigens using immunospecific contrast agents

Cited by 127 publications

References 34 publications

Preparation and in vitro studies of MRI-specific superparamagnetic iron oxide antiGPC3 probe for hepatocellular carcinoma

Preparation and in vitro studies of MRI-specific superparamagnetic iron oxide antiGPC3 probe for hepatocellular carcinoma

Enzyme immobilization: an update

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging

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