MR Imaging Features of Nipah Encephalitis

Sarji, Sazilah Ahmad; Abdullah, Basri Johan Jeet; Goh, Khean Jin; Tan, Chong Tin; Wong, Kum Thong

doi:10.2214/ajr.175.2.1750437

Cited by 83 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The causative agent was found to be a new paramyxovirus, later named the Nipah virus after a village where the outbreak occurred. The probable mode of transmission to humans is thought to be close contact with tissue fluids from infected pigs [34,35]. Paramyxoviridae are linear, single-stranded enveloped helical RNA viruses that include widely known parainfluenza, morbilli, and mumps viruses, as well as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).…”

Section: Nipah Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small focal lesions of high T2 signal are initially found predominantly within the cerebral subcortical and deep white matter and, to a lesser extent, in the gray matter, best seen on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images (Figs. 5 and 6) [34][35][36][37]. MR imaging has been detecting abnormalities in 100% of the patients and is more sensitive than blood serology and CSF examination.…”

Section: Nipah Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of Topographic Viral CNS Infections

Rumboldt

2008

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

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Section: Nipah Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nipah Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Topographic Viral CNS Infections

Rumboldt

2008

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America

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“…59 Chronic or recurrent forms can also occur, with a more confluent appearance of T2 hyperintensity in the cortex. 59,60 Chikungunya, caused by an alphavirus, is re-emerging after decades of quiescence. Natural spread is by mosquitos, especially the same Aedes species that carry dengue.…”

Section: New or Emerging Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Armies of Pestilence: CNS Infections as Potential Weapons of Mass Destruction

Hart

Ketai

2014

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:Infectious agents have been investigated, developed, and used by both governments and terrorist groups as weapons of mass destruction. CNS infections, though traditionally considered less often than respiratory diseases in this scenario, may be very important. Viruses responsible for encephalitides can be highly infectious in aerosol form. CNS involvement in anthrax is ominous but should change treatment. Brucellosis, plague, Q fever, and other bacteria can uncommonly manifest with meningoencephalitis and other findings. Emerging diseases may also pose threats. We review infectious agents of particular concern for purposes of biowarfare with respect to CNS manifestations and imaging features. God omnipotent is mustering in his clouds on our behalf armies of pestilence.Richard II, Act 3, Scene 3 S hakespeare had Richard II threaten his enemies with "armies of pestilence" from the clouds-a prospect that seems more plausible in our time when incidents involving anthrax, smallpox, and hemorrhagic fevers continue to make headlines. Many infectious agents have been developed during the past century for potential military use. By their nature, these are unconventional weapons more effective against unprotected, civilian targets than against soldiers; this attribute may make them attractive to terrorists. Among those organisms, some target the central nervous system. For others more commonly considered pulmonary or systemic agents, significant CNS effects may still result. Below, we review the historical background, some of the organisms considered at high risk for potential biowarfare or bioterrorism with a focus on neurologic implications, and potential future threats.

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“…In one study, evaluation at autopsy of microscopic features in the CNS showed necrotic lesions, perivascular cuffing, thrombosis, and vasculitis in 80% to 90% of the 30 cases examined; endothelial syncytia were present in 27% and meningitis in 57% of the patients [52]. The severity of the CNS pathology was demonstrated also by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analysis of encephalitis patients in the Malaysian outbreak [53,54]. Investigations by MRI revealed a pattern similar to ischaemic infarction caused by obstruction of small cerebral blood vessels.…”

Section: Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nipah Virus

Giangaspero¹

2013

Trop Med Surg

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Natural HostFruit bats (Macrochiroptera) of the family Pteropodidaeparticularly species belonging to the Pteropus genus-are the natural hosts for Nipah virus. There is no apparent disease in fruit bats. Bats belonging to the genus Pteropus are widely distributed. They live in the tropics and subtropics of Asia, including the Indian subcontinent, Australia, Indonesia, Madagascar, and a number of remote oceanic islands in both the Indian and Pacific Oceans.Among the genus Pteropus, the Indian Flying Fox (Pteropus giganteus) (wingspan 1.5 m and up to 1.2 kg) and the relatively smaller Greater short-nosed fruit bat or Short-nosed Indian fruit bat (Cynopterus sphinx) (wingspan 48 cm), widespread and very common AbstractNipah virus is an emerging zoonosis with the potential to cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and major economic and public health impacts. According to World Organisation for Animal Health (Office International des Épizooties: OIE), Nipah virus is a notifiable disease of importance to international trade.

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MR Imaging Features of Nipah Encephalitis

Abstract: MR imaging is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for evaluating Nipah encephalitis.

Cited by 83 publications

References 10 publications

Imaging of Topographic Viral CNS Infections

Imaging of Topographic Viral CNS Infections

Armies of Pestilence: CNS Infections as Potential Weapons of Mass Destruction

Nipah Virus

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