MR Diffusion Imaging in Ischemic Stroke

Fung, Steve H.; Roccatagliata, Luca; González, Ramón; Schaefer, Pamela W.

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2011.03.001

Cited by 83 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 165 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As DWI is dependent on the molecular motion of water, intracellular changes result in local restriction of diffusion of water molecules, which can be detected by DWI with high sensitivity and specificity within minutes. 3,7 DWI has a central and increasing role in the diagnosis of acute ischaemic lesions within the CNS. 10 A standard brain protocol MRI study (consisting of axial DWI without dedicated thin slices and fat-suppressed T2 or short-tau inversion recovery [STIR]) is commonly used in such situations.…”

Section: Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 PION can be classified into three main subtypes: arteritic PION (due to giant cell arteritis or other vasculitis), nonarteritic PION, and surgical PION, which is associated with a diverse range of non-ocular surgical procedures, 4 including spinal surgery 2,5 and head and neck surgery. 2,6 Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is the most reliable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence capable of mapping ischaemic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) 7 ; changes can be identified within minutes of an insult by detecting locally restricted diffusion of water protons. 8 The optic nerve is a direct extension of the CNS; thus, the pathophysiology of acute optic nerve ischaemia is analogous to that seen in the brain and spinal cord.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Using Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Confirm a Diagnosis of Posterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

Quddus

Lawlor

Siddiqui

et al. 2015

Neuro-Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy is a rare cause of visual loss believed to be due to infarction in the territory of the pial branches of the ophthalmic artery. The disorder most commonly occurs in the context of prolonged surgery or giant cell arteritis, and the absence of clinical signs in the eye means that the diagnosis is one of exclusion. Here, we present two cases studies of patients who developed posterior ischaemic optic neuropathy confirmed by the observation of secondary changes on diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. In the first case visual loss followed robotic pelvic surgery, and in the second case it was associated with multiorgan dysfunction secondary to severe pancreatitis. Our cases demonstrate that in the right clinical context, diffusion-weighted imaging can provide a positive diagnosis of acute posterior ischaemic optic nerve injury in the acute phase.

show abstract

Section: Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Confirm a Diagnosis of Posterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

Quddus

Lawlor

Siddiqui

et al. 2015

Neuro-Ophthalmology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using the full tensor data, fractional anisotropy (FA) can be calculated for the index of the white matter anisotropic properties. These 2 metrics, ADC and FA, are now widely used to diagnose or evaluate disorders of the central nervous system, including stroke, 3 multiple sclerosis, 4 neoplasms, [5][6][7] neuropsychiatric disease, [8][9][10] and degenerative disease [11][12][13][14] in clinical situations. Despite their usefulness, however, FA and ADC have limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Non-Gaussian Diffusion: Clinical Application of q-Space Imaging and Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging of the Brain and Spine

Hori

Fukunaga

Masutani

et al. 2012

MRMS

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, non-Gaussian diŠusion-weighted imaging (DWI) techniques, including qspace imaging (QSI) and diŠusional kurtosis imaging (DKI), have emerged as advanced methods to evaluate tissue microstructure in vivo using water diŠusion. QSI and DKI have shown promising results in clinical applications, such as in the evaluation of brain tumors (e.g., grading gliomas), degenerative diseases (e.g., speciˆc diagnosis of Parkinson disease), demyelinating diseases (e.g., assessment of normal-appearing tissue of multiple sclerosis), and cerebrovascular diseases (e.g., assessment of the microstructural environment of fresh infarctions). Representative metrics in clinical use are the full width at half maximum, also known as the mean displacement of the probability density function curve, which is derived from QSI, and diŠusional kurtosis, which is derived from DKI. These new metrics may provide information on tissue structure in addition to that provided by conventional Gaussian DWI investigations that use the apparent diŠusion coe‹cient and fractional anisotropy, recognized indices for evaluating disease and normal development in the brain and spine. In some clinical situations, sensitivity for detecting pathological conditions is higher using QSI and DKI than conventional DWI and diŠusion tensor imaging (DTI) because DWI and DTI calculations are based on the assumption that water molecules follow a Gaussian distribution, whereas hindrance of the distribution of water molecules by complex and restricted structures in actual neural tissues produces distributions that are far from Gaussian. We review the technical aspects and clinical applications of QSI and DKI, focusing on clinical use and in vivo studies and highlighting diŠerences from conventional diŠusional metrics.

show abstract

“…This examination allows us to distinguish severe ischemic stroke from other pathological processes. Moreover, it provides additional information on the brain tissue micro-structure [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%