MR Anatomy of Salivary Glands in the Dog

Weidner, Sabine Edith; Probst, Alexander J.; Kneissl, Sibylle

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2011.01115.x

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The normal ultrasonographic appearance of the mandibular salivary gland in dogs has been previously described . However, little information is available in the veterinary literature about the ultrasonographic characteristics of salivary mucocele in dogs . An improved understanding of soft tissue structures of salivary mucoceles using ultrasonography could be helpful for differentiating this disease from other causes of submandibular swelling in dogs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retrograde sialography can be used to further confirm diagnosis and identify the affected gland for surgical planning . Advanced imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computerized tomography can also be used to provide additional details about soft‐tissue characteristics and the extent of involvement . The normal ultrasonographic appearance of the mandibular salivary gland in dogs has been previously described .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical and Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Salivary Mucoceles in 13 Dogs

Torad

Hassan

2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Salivary mucocele is one of the causes of submandibular swelling in dogs and is due to a collection of mucoid saliva that has leaked from a damaged salivary gland. The purpose of this case series report was to describe the clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of confirmed salivary mucoceles in 13 dogs admitted to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Cairo University. The final diagnosis of salivary mucocele was based on aspirate cytology for all dogs and additional surgical excision for seven dogs. For dogs admitted from 2 weeks to 1 month from the onset of clinical signs, the cervical mucocele appeared as a round echogenic structure with a large volume of central anechoic content. The wall was a clearly identified hyperechoic structure surrounding the gland. For dogs admitted between 1 to 2 months from the onset of clinical signs, the volume of anechoic material appeared less than that seen in the acute cases. The overall appearance of the salivary mucocele was heterogenous. For dogs admitted after 2 months from the onset of clinical signs, the salivary mucocele appeared grainy or mottled, with a heterogenous appearance and a further decrease in anechoic content. For one dog that presented after 3 months from the onset of clinical signs, the salivary mucocele was hard on palpation and appeared hyperechoic with distal acoustic shadowing. Findings from this study indicated that ultrasonographic characteristics of salivary mucoceles in dogs vary depending on the chronological stage of the disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Salivary Mucoceles in 13 Dogs

Torad

Hassan

2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Studies of the dog salivary glands via sectional anatomic images are rare and relatively incomplete. According to several authors (Weidner, Probst, & Kneissl, ), this is because pathological processes that affect these structures in the dog and the cat are rare or not well diagnosed. In a review of clinical cases in dogs and cats, Spangler & Culbertson noted that of all the pathologies reviewed, only 0.3% affected the salivary glands tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging features of the salivary glands in the dog

Gil

Arencibia

García

et al. 2018

Anat Histol Embryol

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The aim of the study was to describe the anatomical location and the topographic relationship of the major salivary glands to associated tissues in six dog cadavers by high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gross anatomical dissections and sections. Spin-echo T1-weighted and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes with a 1.5 T magnet. The digastric muscle, the external auditory canal, the eyeball, and the medial pterygoid muscle were the most consistent topographic landmarks for the identification of the mandibular, parotid, and zygomatic salivary glands, respectively. The best differentiation and contrast of the glands was observed in the T2-weighted images. In contrast with the osseous and muscular tissues, the salivary glands appeared hyperintense in greater or lesser measure except for the parotid gland, which displayed a hypointense signal. The rostral part of the monostomatic sublingual gland was precisely located between the tongue and the mylohyoid muscle. The best delineation between the caudal part of the monostomatic sublingual gland and the cranial aspect of the mandibular gland was observed in dorsal MRI at the level of the palate and the branches of the superior dental arcade. Good evaluation of the mandibular, parotid, caudal part of the monostomatic sublingual, zygomatic and buccal ventral glands was possible in sagittal MRI in close relation with the external auditory canal and the temporomandibular joint. The ventral buccal glands were also observed near the buccal vestibule as was the palatine glands within the soft palate.

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“…Although CTs and MRIs for an animal disease are not yet widely used, they will likely become popular in the near future. Therefore, viewing anatomy through CT and MRI scans will benefit for veterinarians and students (De Rycke et al, ; Rivero et al, ; Bishop et al, ; Taeymans et al, ; Kang et al, ; Martín‐Vaquero et al, ; Weidner et al, ). To assist with learning sectional anatomy, browsing software in which two‐dimensional (2D) images obtained from CTs, MRIs, or sectioned images are displayed continuously with annotations would be incredibly useful.…”

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confidence: 99%

Software for browsing sectioned images of a dog body and generating a 3D model

Park

Jung

2015

The Anatomical Record

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The goals of this study were (1) to provide accessible and instructive browsing software for sectioned images and a portable document format (PDF) file that includes three-dimensional (3D) models of an entire dog body and (2) to develop techniques for segmentation and 3D modeling that would enable an investigator to perform these tasks without the aid of a computer engineer. To achieve these goals, relatively important or large structures in the sectioned images were outlined to generate segmented images. The sectioned and segmented images were then packaged into browsing software. In this software, structures in the sectioned images are shown in detail and in real color. After 3D models were made from the segmented images, the 3D models were exported into a PDF file. In this format, the 3D models could be manipulated freely. The browsing software and PDF file are available for study by students, for lecture for teachers, and for training for clinicians. These files will be helpful for anatomical study by and clinical training of veterinary students and clinicians. Furthermore, these techniques will be useful for researchers who study two-dimensional images and 3D models. Anat Rec, 299:81-87, 2016. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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MR Anatomy of Salivary Glands in the Dog

Cited by 16 publications

References 15 publications

Clinical and Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Salivary Mucoceles in 13 Dogs

Clinical and Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Salivary Mucoceles in 13 Dogs

Anatomic and magnetic resonance imaging features of the salivary glands in the dog

Software for browsing sectioned images of a dog body and generating a 3D model

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