Mpox in a Couple Living with HIV: Relapse or Reinfection?

Rocha, Simone Queiroz; Fonsi, Mylva; Tancredi, Mariza Vono; Alencar, Herculano Duarte Ramos de; Abbud, Adriano; Silva, Mariliza Henrique da

doi:10.1089/aid.2022.0189

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To date, 10 cases of MPXV reinfection were reported in various countries including Spain, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Nigeria, Italy, Brazil, and others. 16,[28][29][30][31][32][33] Table 2 presents basic information of these cases.…”

Section: Risk Factors and Clinical Symptoms Of Mpox Breakthrough Infe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakthrough infection and reinfection in patients with mpox

Jiang,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Recently, patients with Mpox breakthrough infection or reinfection were constantly reported. However, the induction, risk factors, and important clinical symptoms of breakthrough infection and reinfection of Mpox virus (MPXV), as well as the factors affecting the effectiveness of Mpox vaccine are not characterized. Herein, a literature review was preformed to summarize the risk factors and important clinical symptoms of patients with Mpox breakthrough infection or reinfection, as well as the factors affecting the effectiveness of smallpox vaccine against Mpox. Results showed that MSM sexual behavior, condomless sexual behavior, multiple sexual partners, close contact, HIV infection, and the presence of comorbidity are important risk factors for Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection. Genital ulcers, proctitis, and lymphadenopathy are the important clinical symptoms of Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection. The effectiveness of emergent vaccination of smallpox vaccine for post‐exposure of MPXV is associated with smallpox vaccination history, interval between exposure and vaccination, and history of HIV infection. This review provides a better understanding for the risk factors and important clinical symptoms of Mpox breakthrough infection and reinfection, as well as the formulation of Mpox vaccine vaccination strategies.

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Section: Risk Factors and Clinical Symptoms Of Mpox Breakthrough Infe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breakthrough infection and reinfection in patients with mpox

Jiang,

Hu,

Yang

et al. 2024

Reviews in Medical Virology

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“…The scientific perspective explores the concept of immunity conferred by MPXV natural infection and smallpox vaccination provides robust and enduring immunity [ 70 ], making reinfections unlikely; however, MPXV infection in immunocompromised patients, such as patients with HIV/AIDS and those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, have been reported, and the severity can be more pronounced, potentially leading to severe diseases outcomes [ 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Immunopathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies

et al. 2023

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Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is an emerging zoonotic virus that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus and presents clinical symptoms similar to those of smallpox, such as fever and vesicular–pustular skin lesions. However, the differential diagnosis between smallpox and monkeypox is that smallpox does not cause lymphadenopathy but monkeypox generates swelling in the lymph nodes. Since the eradication of smallpox, MPXV has been identified as the most common Orthopoxvirus to cause human disease. Despite MPXV being endemic to certain regions of Africa, the current MPXV outbreak, which began in early 2022, has spread to numerous countries worldwide, raising global concern. As of the end of May 2023, over 87,545 cases and 141 deaths have been reported, with most cases identified in non-endemic countries, primarily due to human-to-human transmission. To better understand this emerging threat, this review presents an overview of key aspects of MPXV infection, including its animal reservoirs, modes of transmission, animal models, epidemiology, clinical and immunological features, diagnosis, treatments, vaccines, and prevention strategies. The material presented here provides a comprehensive understanding of MPXV as a disease, while emphasizing the significance and unique characteristics of the 2022 outbreak. This offers valuable information that can inform future research and aid in the development of effective interventions.

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“…Since January 2023, eight cases of possible mpox reinfection [6][7][8][9][10][11] have been reported in the literature (Annex 1). Reinfection was considered possible if the patient presented with a second distinct episode of mpox, confirmed by the presence of MPXV on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, after clinical resolution of the first episode and an asymptomatic period.…”

Section: Cases Of Possible Mpox Reinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox reinfection: a literature review

Musumeci,

Laflamme,

Kaiser

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Several countries reported mpox cases since the beginning of the 2022 worldwide outbreak. Although MPXV infection is expected to provide long-term protection against reinfection and the global epidemic is waning, new infections are still detected worldwide and cases of mpox reinfection have been reported since January 2023, putting the paradigm of protective immunity in doubt. As little is known about the viral and host mechanisms of mpox reinfection, it is critical to understand the determinants behind long-term post-infectious immune protection. This review summarizes cases of possible mpox reinfections reported up to July 2023 and highlights key concepts and knowledge about mpox to guide future research in the field.

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Mpox in a Couple Living with HIV: Relapse or Reinfection?

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Breakthrough infection and reinfection in patients with mpox

Breakthrough infection and reinfection in patients with mpox

Human Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Overview of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Strategies

Mpox reinfection: a literature review

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