MPC Framework for the Energy Management of Hybrid Ships with an Energy Storage System

Abstract

This paper proposes an advanced shipboard energy management strategy (EMS) based on model predictive control (MPC). This EMS aims to reduce mission-scale fuel consumption of ship hybrid power plants, taking into account constraints introduced by the shipboard battery system. Such constraints are present due to the boundaries on the battery capacity and state of charge (SoC) values, aiming to ensure safe seagoing operation and long-lasting battery life. The proposed EMS can be used earlier in the propulsion design process and requires no tuning of parameters for a specific operating profile. The novelties of the study reside in (i) studying the impact of mission-scale effects and integral constraints on optimal fuel consumption and controller robustness, (ii) benchmarking the performance of the proposed MPC framework. A case study carried out on a naval vessel demonstrates near-optimal and robust behaviour of the controller for several loading sequences. The application of the proposed MPC framework can lead to up to 3.5% consumption reduction due to utilisation of long term information, considering specific loading sequences and charge depleting (CD) battery operation.

Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Liquid Hydrogen-Fueled Hybrid Electric Ship Propulsion System

“…However, the control problem for the efficient operation of multiple power sources becomes more complex when compared to conventional ship propulsion systems. As a result, research on energy management strategy (EMS) for effective control of hybrid propulsion systems is actively being conducted across various applications, including vehicles, aircraft, and ships [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. S. Antonopoulos et al (2021) presented an energy management framework for hybrid power plants in ships, based on model predictive control (MPC), and evaluated the performance of this framework [9].…”

“…As a result, research on energy management strategy (EMS) for effective control of hybrid propulsion systems is actively being conducted across various applications, including vehicles, aircraft, and ships [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. S. Antonopoulos et al (2021) presented an energy management framework for hybrid power plants in ships, based on model predictive control (MPC), and evaluated the performance of this framework [9]. C. Musardo et al (2005) proposed an EMS based on the adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS), which can be applied to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).…”

Research on Multi-Energy Integrated Ship Energy Management System Based on Hierarchical Control Collaborative Optimization Strategy

“…As the core of the ship propulsion system, the energy management system is not only responsible for the management of the generation and scheduling of the entire ship's electrical energy but also needs to manage the operation status of the propulsion system. To ensure that the ship propulsion system can provide continuous, stable, and economic power support during operation [36][37][38][39]. Based on the above functional requirements, this paper designs the overall scheme of the layered control of the ship propulsion system, as shown in Figure 12.…”

Energy management strategy for a hybrid tug based on explicit model predictive control

“…Mainly, strategies such as Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) [5] , Model Predictive Control (MPC), and the Pontryagin Minimum Principle (PMP) [6] fall into this category. Spyros et al [7] proposed an advanced on-board energy management strategy based on MPC, which not only reduces fuel consumption of ship hybrid power systems but also enhances the lifespan of the ship's battery. Chen et al [8] designed an energy management strategy based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC), utilizing NMPC to handle nonlinear models and achieving the goal of reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions.…”