Możliwości rozwoju agroturystyki w Kazachstanie

Abstract

WprowadzenieW świecie agroturystyka ma co najmniej kilkudziesięcioletnią historię. Pojawiła się w europejskich społecznościach i stąd rozpoczęła się emisja jej idei na pozostałe części globu, w których rozwija się zgodnie ze specyfiką walorów przyrodniczych, rolnictwa oraz kultury określonych społeczności.Celem autorek prezentowanego opracowania jest analiza możliwości rozwoju agroturystyki w Kazachstanie na tle zasobów turystycznych tego kraju oraz perspektyw wykorzystania niektórych doświadczeń pozyskanych w Polsce. Jest to więc praca przeglądowa, opierająca się na źródłach zastanych. Zasadnicza jej treść obejmuje trzy zagadnienia. Pierwsze odnosi się do charakterystyki zasobów przyrodniczych i antropogenicznych istotnych w rozwoju turystyki w Kazachstanie. Drugie dotyczy obecnej wielkości i struktury kazachskiej agroturystyki, zaś trzecie -wybranych polskich doświadczeń, ujętych w formie rekomendacji, mogących mieć znaczenie dla opisywanego kraju.

Political and Historical Determinants of the Differentiation of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of Agritourism in Poland and Kazakhstan

“…Different is the case of Poland. Wojciechowska and Uaisova (2014) in their work [4] even indicate the initiating role of scientific research in the development of agritourism in Kazakhstan. Numerous works in Poland [9][10][11][12][13][14] are of a different nature, being the result of research on already developed tourism activities.…”

“…In the research and development of the material, the following methods were used: desk research, which is a result of three groups of methods, namely content analysis, statistical data analysis, and historical-comparative analysis (literature), and the observation method. In this regard, at the outset, a literature study was carried out on the theoretical approach to the EE [18][19][20][21][22]; literature on agritourism [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], applicable legal acts, and data presenting geographical, economic, and social conditions and the degree of development of tourism and agritourism in the selected regions of Kazakhstan [3][4][5] and Poland [14,47] were also used. The paper also draws on the authors' own observations during one-month study stays in the North Kazakhstan region and the West Pomeranian region (2018,2019) and the authors' in situ research.…”

“…This largely explains the weak development of agritourism in the country, especially in the agricultural region of North Kazakhstan. The situation has not changed after independence, and a large part of the population still sees nothing attractive in resting in rural areas, often resulting from experiences staying with family [4]. Instead of agritourism, in this Russian-dominated region, until 1990, resting at a "dača", a rural second home, located in an attractive location (forests, lakes), became widespread.…”

“…To date, apart from single works at the level of the region or selected aspects of tourism [90][91][92][93][94], there has been no full-scale research in this field. There are only initiative projects in some regions [4,5,8,15,28,33], which are not able to set directions for the development of this promising type of tourism.…”

“…Compared to other post-Soviet countries, tourism in Kazakhstan is just beginning to develop [1][2][3]. Agritourism, despite the relatively extensive literature on the subject, is still at the initial development stage [4][5][6][7][8]. The situation of agritourism development in Poland is entirely different.…”