Moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics in horses and disposition into phagocytes after oral dosing

Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Moxifloxacin in Calves following Different Routes of Administrations

“…The persistence of antibiotic concentrations in plasma and tissues above the MIC is the pharmacodynamic variable related to the clinical efficacy of moxifloxacin [23] . In this study, the peak plasma concentrations (C max ) were 2.41 and 2.20 g/ml, respectively, and these results are slightly higher than those reported by Fernandez-Varon et al [9,11] and Carceles et al [10] and lower than those reported by Gardner et al [8] in horses and lactating goats [12] and in agreement with that reported in lactating ewes [13] .…”

“…They also have characteristics such as a wide spectrum of bactericidal activity, a large volume of distribution, low plasma protein binding and relatively low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against susceptible target microorganisms [4,7] . There have been some limited data published on moxifloxacin pharmacokinetics in animals, for example, horses [8] , rabbits [9,10] , lactating goats [11,12] and ewes [13] . In vivo, moxifloxacin is effective in mouse models of typical and atypical respiratory tract infections and in guinea pigs infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae [14] .…”

Antimicrobial drug concentrations and sampling techniques in the equine lung

“…The majority of these studies were performed in foals, reporting intra-and extra-cellular drug concentrations after repeated sampling during 24 h post drug administration (Jacks et al, 2002;Womble et al, 2006aWomble et al, ,b, 2007Suarez-Mier et al, 2007;Venner et al, 2010). Other studies were performed in adult horses with or without a dilution marker for quantifying purposes Murray, 2000, 2004;Gardner et al, 2004;Art et al, 2007).…”

“…Moxifloxacin administered orally at a dose of 5.8 mg/kg daily for 3 days was studied in adult horse lungs using BAL with urea as marker (Gardner et al, 2004). The HPLC-derived results demonstrated favourable pharmacokinetics in horses with rapid absorption, large systemic exposure and persistent high drug concentrations in bronchoalveolar cells, but without detecting the drug in PELF.…”

Disposition kinetics of long acting moxifloxacin following intravenous administration in Sheep

“…These have been studied and atypical organisms such as Mycoplasma and exclusively by in various animals species like lactating Chlamydia spp. Fluroquinolones are considered to goats [7], lactating ewes [8], camel [9], rabbits [4], have a concentration dependent effect, although a time Mice [10] and Horse [11]. As the effectiveness of an dependent bactericidal effect against some Gram antibacterial agent depends on its efficacy, safety and positive bacteria has also been described [1,2].…”