Moving in the presence of others – a systematic review and meta-analysis on social facilitation

Meurs, Edda van; Greve, Jona; Strauß, Bernd

doi:10.1080/1750984x.2022.2111663

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Considering the game's nature and the data we collected, we defined both behavioral interdependence and team collaboration as the team dynamics regarding the physical distances between team members and their tendency to cluster together. This is consistent with previous behavioral research where physical proximity plays a key role in team members propensity to collaborate 68 , 69 . In general, existing evidence shows that team members who are physically close to each other are more prone to collaborate compared to those members with low physical proximity.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Experience shapes non-linearities between team behavioral interdependence, team collaboration, and performance in massively multiplayer online games

Carrasco-Farré,

Hakobjanyan

2024

Sci Rep

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This paper examines quantitative predictors of team performance in Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) based on team management literature. Analyzing data from more than 140,000 squad-mode matches involving over 500,000 players, we replicate and extend existing research by confirming a curvilinear association between behavioral interdependence and team performance and introduce the moderating effect of experience. For less experienced teams, behavioral interdependence follows an inverted U-shaped pattern showing that excessive collaboration may be counterproductive. However, this is not the case for experienced teams, where the relationship is fairly linear. Additionally, we observe that riskier teams tend to perform worse. Moreover, our research also highlights the potential of e-sports data in advancing behavioral science and management research. The digital nature of e-sports datasets, characterized by size and granularity, mitigates concerns related to reproducibility, replicability, and generalizability in social science research, offering a cost-effective platform for scholars with diverse backgrounds.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 92%

Experience shapes non-linearities between team behavioral interdependence, team collaboration, and performance in massively multiplayer online games

Carrasco-Farré,

Hakobjanyan

2024

Sci Rep

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“…The absolute difference in 3DA however is negligibly small, with only half a point increase with a real audience and decrease with a simulated audience, which is irrelevant in the context of darts. Small effect sizes are in line with many studies on audience effects in other sports 5,28 . The hierarchical linear model for 3DA could explain more than 40% of the total variance in 3DA and ICC=12%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Additionally, the presence of an audience tends to increase performances in motor tasks that place demands on the condition of performers, but seems to decrease some performances that require precise object manipulation 26,27 . These findings were recently confirmed in a systematic review and meta-analysis 28 . Several different theories have been developed to explain the results either based on the drive/activation level of the performer 23,24,29,30 , or based on the attentional conflict that arises when others are present [31][32][33] .…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 54%

“...and the crowd goes wild!” – The impact of crowds and simulated crowd noise on performance in professional darts players during the COVID-19 pandemic

Greve¹,

Meurs²,

Strauß³

2023

Preprint

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In 2020, sport events could no longer be held with spectators due to the COVID-19 pandemic. While the effect of missing audiences has been studied numerously in team sports with diverse effects, studies on individual performances are rare. The current investigation analyzes individual performances of professional dart players over 4 years in (a) the absence of spectators, (b) the presence of noisy, real crowds, and (c) artificial crowd noise (simulated crowds) substituting live spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic.Darts is a coordination-based accuracy task requiring full attention. Empirical evidence suggests that performances in coordination-based accuracy tasks are negatively impacted by the presence of others. Therefore, following the results regarding the impact of sport spectators on motor tasks, we hypothesize that tournament performance of elite darts players deteriorates in the presence of a real audience (RA) in comparison to no audience (NA) and a simulated- audience (SA).Data from professional darts ranking tournaments from 2018 to 2021 was retrieved from dart- sorakel.com. The sample consisted of N=442 players (98.8% male) and N=26,724 individual performances.The influence of RA and SA on checkout percentage (CP) and three-dart average (3DA) was analyzed using separate multilevel models, controlling for player rank, round of the tournament, year, and CP (for 3DA). Competing with SA and RA resulted in decreased CP with an effect of b(stand_real)=-.20, p<.001, and b(stand_sim)=-.14, p<.001. 3DA increased with SA, b(stand_sim)= .08, p<.001, and decreased with a RA, b(stand_sim)= -.07, p<.001.Crowds appear to have a negative effect on the coordination-based task darts, yet effect sizes are negligible to small. We conclude that professional dart players do not enjoy an advantage when playing in front of a real audience.

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“…The absolute difference in 3DA, however, is negligibly small, with only half a point decrease with a real audience and increase with a simulated audience, which is practically irrelevant for winning in darts. Small effect sizes are in line with many studies on audience effects in other sports 5,32 . The hierarchical linear model for 3DA could explain more than 40% of the total variance in 3DA with an ICC of 12%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Additionally, the presence of an audience tends to increase performances in motor tasks that place demands on the condition of performers, but seems to decrease some performances that require precise object manipulation 30,31 . These findings were recently confirmed in a systematic review and meta-analysis of 100 years of research on social facilitation during motor tasks 32 . Several different theories have been developed to explain the results either based on the drive/activation level of the performer 27,28,33,34 , or based on the attentional conflict that arises when others are present [35][36][37] .…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 69%

Elite darts performance and the social influence of real crowds and simulated crowd noise

Greve,

van Meurs,

Strauss

2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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While the effect of missing audiences has been studied numerously in team sports with diverse effects, studies on individual performances are rare. The current investigation analyzes performances of professional dart players in (a) the absence of spectators, (b) the presence of real crowds, and (c) artificial crowd noise (simulated crowds) substituting live spectators during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical evidence suggests that performances in coordination-based accuracy tasks are negatively impacted by the presence of others. Therefore, we hypothesize that performance of elite darts players deteriorates in the presence of a real audience (RA) in comparison to no audience (NA) and simulated audience (SA). https://dartsorakel.com provided the data of professional tournaments played from 2018 to 2021, which included N = 26,724 individual performances from k = 442 players (98.8% male). How RA and SA impacted checkout percentage (CP) and three-dart average (3DA) was analyzed using separate multilevel models, adding various control variables. Competing with audiences (SA and RA) resulted in decreased CP with an effect of βstand_real = − .20, p < .001, and βstand_sim = − .14, p < .001. 3DA increased with SA, βstand_sim = .08, p < .001, and decreased with RA, βstand_sim = − .07, p < .001. The results show that real crowds appear to have a negative impact on darts performance, yet effect sizes are small.

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Moving in the presence of others – a systematic review and meta-analysis on social facilitation

Abstract: 00019-X) found the presence of others to positively affect condition-based tasks (general drive hypothesis,

Cited by 10 publications

References 137 publications

Experience shapes non-linearities between team behavioral interdependence, team collaboration, and performance in massively multiplayer online games

Experience shapes non-linearities between team behavioral interdependence, team collaboration, and performance in massively multiplayer online games

“...and the crowd goes wild!” – The impact of crowds and simulated crowd noise on performance in professional darts players during the COVID-19 pandemic

Elite darts performance and the social influence of real crowds and simulated crowd noise

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