Moving beyond threshold-based dichotomous classification to improve the accuracy in classifying non-responders

Bonafiglia, Jacob T.; Nelms, Matthew W.; Preobrazenski, Nicholas; LeBlanc, Constance; Robins, Lauren; Lu, Simo; Lithopoulos, Alexander; Walsh, Jeremy J.; Gurd, Brendon J.

doi:10.14814/phy2.13928

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Although 24 h diet recall is recognized as a reliable method to collect a variety of detailed information about food consumed over a specific period, the tool has inherent limitations [63]. Fourthly, threshold-based dichotomous classification could overestimate the prevalence of non-responders [64]. It may be speculated that the heterogeneous prevalence of responders for each body composition parameter could be explained by the different cut-point used for the definition of responders (i.e., 2 × TE calculation); however, dichotomously classification based 2 × TE is a relatively robust threshold for the classification of "responders" [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity

et al. 2020

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The objectives of this secondary analysis are (1) to investigate the differential effects of exercise training modalities–high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training (RT), combined training (CT = HIIT + RT), and/or nutritional guidance (NG) alone–on local fat/lean mass indexes in adults with excess of adiposity; (2) to identify the individual patterns of response based on either a clinical criterion of weight loss (≥5%) and/or technical error (TE) of measurement of local fat/lean mass indexes; and (3) to assess the individual change for body composition parameters assigned either to HIIT, RT, CT, and/or NG groups utilizing a TE. A 12-week trial was conducted in 55 participants randomized to one of the four interventions. The primary outcome was clinical change in body weight (i.e., weight loss of ≥5%). Secondary outcomes included change in ratio of android and gynoid fat mass, as well as local fat and lean mass indexes (arms, trunk, and legs), before and after intervention. The main findings from the current analysis revealed that (i) after 12 weeks of follow-up, significant decreases in several body composition indexes were found including body weight, arm, trunk, and legs fat mass, and android and gynecoid fat mass were observed in HIIT, RT, and CT groups (p < 0.05); (ii) a significant proportion of individuals showed a positive response following 12 weeks of training, led by the HIIT group with 44% and followed by RT with 39% in 9 indexes; (iii) the HIIT group showed lowest rates of adverse responders with (6%); and (iv) the individual patterns of response utilizing clinically meaningful weight loss were not necessarily associated with the corresponding individual training-induced changes in body composition indexes in adults with excess of adiposity. Overall, the study suggests that HIIT has an important ability to reduce the prevalence of non-response to improve body composition indexes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity

et al. 2020

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“…Specifically, there are several approaches for estimating whether an individual has benefited from an exercise intervention (Hopkins, ; Swinton et al, ; Hecksteden et al, ; Ross et al, ; Bonafiglia et al, ). Although these approaches are not able to determine why an individual has/has not benefited following an intervention, they provide information that can be used to guide individualized exercise prescription decision‐making (Bonafiglia et al, ). Therefore, although the SD IR is the only statistic able to assess the existence/magnitude of V ΔTRUE in parallel‐arm exercise RCTs (Atkinson et al, ), different statistical approaches (Hopkins, ; Swinton et al, ; Hecksteden et al, ; Ross et al, ; Bonafiglia et al, ) can be used in future studies that wish to investigate the application of personalized exercise‐based medicine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An appraisal of the SD _IR as an estimate of true individual differences in training responsiveness in parallel‐arm exercise randomized controlled trials

Bonafiglia¹,

Brennan²,

Ross³

et al. 2019

Physiol Rep

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Calculating the standard deviation of individual responses (SD IR ) is recommended for estimating the magnitude of individual differences in training responsiveness in parallel‐arm exercise randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The purpose of this review article is to discuss potential limitations of parallel‐arm exercise RCTs that may confound/complicate the interpretation of the SD IR . To provide context for this discussion, we define the sources of variation that contribute to variability in the observed responses to exercise training and review the assumptions that underlie the interpretation of SD IR as a reflection of true individual differences in training responsiveness. This review also contains two novel analyses: (1) we demonstrate differences in variability in changes in diet and physical activity habits across an intervention period in both exercise and control groups, and (2) we examined participant dropout data from six RCTs and found that significantly ( P < 0.001) more participants in control groups (12.8%) dropped out due to dissatisfaction with group assignment compared to exercise groups (3.4%). These novel analyses raise the possibility that the magnitude of within‐subject variability may not be equal between exercise and control groups. Overall, this review highlights that potential limitations of parallel‐arm exercise RCTs can violate the underlying assumptions of the SD IR and suggests that these limitations should be considered when interpreting the SD IR as an estimate of true individual differences in training responsiveness.

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“…Other metabolic (e.g., insulin sensitivity, cholesterol) and cardiorespiratory (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate at work load) parameters have shown inter-individually varying responses to physical exercise as well [17]. Based on these observations humans can be divided into responders and non-responders using a pre-determined threshold [33,34]. Currently, there is no gold-standard in exercise science to detect and distinguish responders and non-responders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study

Schwarck

Schmicker

Đorđević

et al. 2019

JCM

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Recent reviews have shown that acute exercise can improve cognitive functions, especially executive functions. However, a closer look at the included studies revealed a wide inter-individual variability in the effects of exercise on cognition. Therefore, thirty-nine healthy adults (age: 19–30 years) were analyzed in a randomized, controlled cross-over study with two exercise groups (n = 13 each) and a sedentary control group (n = 13). The exercise conditions included moderate (30 min at 40–59% VO2max) and high intensity interval (five × 2 min at 90% VO2max with 3 min active recovery at 40% VO2max) treadmill exercise. The main outcome assessed was cognitive performance (attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) and underlying inter-individual variability in young adults. On the group level no significant group or group × time interaction effects were observed. Using a median split, we found significant differences between low and high cognitive performers regarding cognitive function following moderate and high intensity interval treadmill exercise. Furthermore, using a pre-determined threshold we could identify responders and non-responders to acute exercise. Therefore, future research should consider individual performance requirements.

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Moving beyond threshold-based dichotomous classification to improve the accuracy in classifying non-responders

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity

Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity

An appraisal of the SD _IR as an estimate of true individual differences in training responsiveness in parallel‐arm exercise randomized controlled trials

Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study

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Moving beyond threshold-based dichotomous classification to improve the accuracy in classifying non-responders

Cited by 35 publications

References 35 publications

Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity

Weight Loss after 12 Weeks of Exercise and/or Nutritional Guidance Is Not Obligatory for Induced Changes in Local Fat/Lean Mass Indexes in Adults with Excess of Adiposity

An appraisal of the SD IR as an estimate of true individual differences in training responsiveness in parallel‐arm exercise randomized controlled trials

Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study

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An appraisal of the SD _IR as an estimate of true individual differences in training responsiveness in parallel‐arm exercise randomized controlled trials