“…Notably, there is a growing body of research on the predictive validity of the YLS measures among various youth offender populations. The YLS measures have been validated on male and female youth in both community and institutional settings, as well as among various races, ethnicities and indigenous populations (Andrews & Bonta, 2010 ; Brumbaugh, Hardison Walters, & Winterfield, 2009 ; Jung & Rawana, 1999 ; Matthews & Hubbard, 2008 ; Schwalbe, 2008 ). To date, most findings have consistently shown that the YLS measures are robust risk assessment instruments in predicting various outcomes including rearrests, as well as general and violent recidivism (Catchpole & Gretton, 2003 ; Flores, Travis, & Latessa, 2004 ; Hoge & Andrews, 2006 ; Jung & Rawana, 1999 ; Upperton & Thompson, 2007 ; Welsh, Schmidt, McKinnon, Chattha, & Meyers, 2008 ).…”