Movements of exploration intact in rats with hippocampal lesions

Clark, Benjamin J.; Hines, Dustin J.; Hamilton, Derek A.; Whishaw, Ian Q.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.04.007

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In a well-lit room, rats with hippocampal lesions and control rats took a straight return path to the home nest. However, in darkness, only the control rats could return directly to the nest (Whishaw and Gorny, 1999;Clark et al, 2005). Although we would like to see a definitive answer on this issue, we take the strong results of Alyan and McNaughton as supportive.…”

Section: Location Of the Path Integratormentioning

confidence: 68%

Heading‐vector navigation based on head‐direction cells and path integration

Kubie

Fenton

2008

Hippocampus

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Insect navigation is guided by heading vectors that are computed by path integration. Mammalian navigation models, on the other hand, are typically based on map-like place representations provided by hippocampal place cells. Such models compute optimal routes as a continuous series of locations that connect the current location to a goal. We propose a "heading-vector" model in which head-direction cells or their derivatives serve both as key elements in constructing the optimal route and as the straight-line guidance during route execution. The model is based on a memory structure termed the "shortcut matrix," which is constructed during the initial exploration of an environment when a set of shortcut vectors between sequential pairs of visited waypoint locations is stored. A mechanism is proposed for calculating and storing these vectors that relies on a hypothesized cell type termed an "accumulating head-direction cell." Following exploration, shortcut vectors connecting all pairs of waypoint locations are computed by vector arithmetic and stored in the shortcut matrix. On re-entry, when local view or place representations query the shortcut matrix with a current waypoint and goal, a shortcut trajectory is retrieved. Since the trajectory direction is in head-direction compass coordinates, navigation is accomplished by tracking the firing of head-direction cells that are tuned to the heading angle. Section 1 of the manuscript describes the properties of accumulating head-direction cells. It then shows how accumulating head-direction cells can store local vectors and perform vector arithmetic to perform path-integration-based homing. Section 2 describes the construction and use of the shortcut matrix for computing direct paths between any pair of locations that have been registered in the shortcut matrix. In the discussion, we analyze the advantages of heading-based navigation over map-based navigation. Finally, we survey behavioral evidence that nonhippocampal, heading-based navigation is used in small mammals and humans.

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Section: Location Of the Path Integratormentioning

confidence: 68%

Heading‐vector navigation based on head‐direction cells and path integration

Kubie

Fenton

2008

Hippocampus

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“…Rats placed on an open field for period of minutes to hours establish preferences for one or more locations around which they center their movements (Clark et al, 2005a;Hines and Whishaw, 2005). Such places, operationally termed home bases, might be idiosyncratic for individual animals in an environment devoid of salient cues (Eilam and Golani, 1989), but can be formed near objects (Wallace and Whishaw, 2003), other animals, (Loewen et al, 2005) or salient distal visual cues (Clark et al, 2005a;Hines and Whishaw, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar development of cued and learned home bases in control and hippocampal‐damaged rats in an open field exploratory task

2007

Self Cite

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Spatial behavior was examined in control rats and rats with neurotoxic-induced damage of the hippocampus in an open field "exploratory" task. In Experiment 1, rats were placed on a large circular table for 30 min for four consecutive days with a short wall adjacent to the table and a large black box near the edge of the table diametrically opposite to the wall. On the fifth day, rats were given a probe test during which both cues were removed. Over the training exposures both control and hippocampal-damaged rats formed "home bases," operationally defined as places where the rats preferentially stopped and spent time, near the cues. When the cues were removed on the probe day, both groups visited, stopped near, and spent time at places adjacent to the cues' previous location. In Experiment 2, rats were given a similar training protocol, but only a single cue was used, which was a small box placed directly on the table that did not block visibility of the entire room. On the fifth day, the box was moved to the other end of the table. Despite the presence of a cued home base, control and hippocampal-damaged rats remembered the original location of the home base. The results are discussed in relation to the comparative task demands of formal and informal test procedures and with respect to their relevance to understanding the neural basis of spatial behavior.

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“…These elements form a sequence detailing the probability of transitioning from one element to the next, thereby describing the original behavior while characterizing its variability (Lehner, 1996). This type of analysis has been used previously to describe many different behaviors, such as courtship (Darrow and Harris, 2004;Pandav et al, 2007), agonistic encounters (Adamo and Hoy, 1995;Karavanich and Atema, 1998;Nilsen et al, 2004), exploratory behavior (Clark et al, 2005) and predatory behavior (MacNulty et al, 2007). Combining ethograms with other techniques has allowed researchers to determine brain structures and pathways involved in specific behaviors (Diamond et al, 2008;Ewert, 1987), establish whether a single sensory modality or a combination of multiple modalities is used for a particular behavior (Goyret et al, 2007;Raguso and Willis, 2002), characterize deficits in genetically modified organisms (Crawley, 1999;Pick and Strauss, 2005) and create computer models for testing neurobiological hypotheses (Blaesing, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of obstacle negotiation behaviors in the cockroach,Blaberus discoidalis

Harley

English

Ritzmann

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

116

157

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SUMMARYWithin natural environments, animals must be able to respond to a wide range of obstacles in their path. Such responses require sensory information to facilitate appropriate and effective motor behaviors. The objective of this study was to characterize sensors involved in the complex control of obstacle negotiation behaviors in the cockroach Blaberus discoidalis. Previous studies suggest that antennae are involved in obstacle detection and negotiation behaviors. During climbing attempts, cockroaches swing their front leg that then either successfully reaches the top of the block or misses. The success of these climbing attempts was dependent on their distance from the obstacle. Cockroaches with shortened antennae were closer to the obstacle prior to climbing than controls, suggesting that distance was related to antennal length. Removing the antennal flagellum resulted in delays in obstacle detection and changes in climbing strategy from targeted limb movements to less directed attempts. A more complex scenario -a shelf that the cockroach could either climb over or tunnel under -allowed us to further examine the role of sensory involvement in path selection. Ultimately, antennae contacting the top of the shelf led to climbing whereas contact on the underside led to tunneling However, in the light, cockroaches were biased toward tunnelling; a bias which was absent in the dark. Selective covering of visual structures suggested that this context was determined by the ocelli. Supplementary material available online at

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Movements of exploration intact in rats with hippocampal lesions

Cited by 47 publications

References 44 publications

Heading‐vector navigation based on head‐direction cells and path integration

Heading‐vector navigation based on head‐direction cells and path integration

Similar development of cued and learned home bases in control and hippocampal‐damaged rats in an open field exploratory task

Characterization of obstacle negotiation behaviors in the cockroach,Blaberus discoidalis

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