Movements by Adfluvial Bull Trout during the Spawning Season between Lake and River Habitats

Barnett, Heidy K.; Paige, Dwayne K.

doi:10.1080/00028487.2013.763858

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…America also exhibit a variety of spawning movement patterns including adfluvial (i.e., lake rearing and stream spawning; Cope 1956;Downs et al 2006;Holecek and Walters 2007;Barnett and Paige 2013), fluvial (i.e., larger spawning and rearing movements within streams; Colyer et al 2005;AlChokhachy and Budy 2008;Pierce et al 2009), and tributary residency (Young 1995), and multiple movement patterns are often demonstrated within a single watershed (Al-Chokhachy and Budy 2008). The diversity of potamodromous trout spawning movements is thought to be part of a complex set of life history characteristics that have evolved in response to frequent changes in the spatial and temporal availability of suitable habitat (Gresswell et al 1994;Northcote 1997;Dunham et al 2003).…”

Section: ) Potamodromous Trout Populations Of Western Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Variation of Spawning Cutthroat Trout in a Small Western USA Stream: A Case Study with Implications for the Conservation of Potamodromous Trout Life History Diversity

Bennett¹,

Al‐Chokhachy

Roper

et al. 2014

N American J Fish Manag

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Little is known about the variability in the spatial and temporal distribution of spawning potamodromous trout despite decades of research directed at salmonid spawning ecology and the increased awareness that conserving life history diversity should be a focus of management. We monitored a population of fluvial–resident Bonneville Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah in a tributary to the Logan River, Utah, from 2006 to 2012 to gain insight into the distribution and timing of spawning and what factors may influence these spawning activities. We monitored Bonneville Cutthroat Trout using redd surveys with multiple observers and georeferenced redd locations. We documented an extended spawning period that lasted from late April to mid‐July. The onset, median, and end of spawning was best predicted by the mean maximum water temperature during the first 13 weeks of the year (F = 130. 4, df = 5, R2 = 0.96, P < 0.0001) with spawning beginning and ending earlier in years that had warmer water temperatures prior to spawning. The distribution of redds was clumped each year and the relative density of redds was greater in a reach dominated by dams constructed by beavers Castor canadensis. Both dam failure and construction appeared to be responsible for creating new spawning habitat that was quickly occupied, demonstrating rapid temporal response to local habitat changes. Bonneville Cutthroat Trout appeared to establish and defend a redd for up to 2 d, and spawning most often occurred between similar‐sized individuals. Spawning surveys for potamodromous trout are an underutilized tool that could be used to better understand the distribution and timing of spawning as well as determine the size and trends of the reproducing portion of populations of management concern. Without efforts to document the diversity of this important aspect of potamodromous trout life history, prioritization of conservation will be problematic.

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Section: ) Potamodromous Trout Populations Of Western Northmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Variation of Spawning Cutthroat Trout in a Small Western USA Stream: A Case Study with Implications for the Conservation of Potamodromous Trout Life History Diversity

Bennett¹,

Al‐Chokhachy

Roper

et al. 2014

N American J Fish Manag

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“…The observed concentration of redds at this distance in all study years probably correlates with the diversity and quantity of habitat available to Bull Trout. Finally, we have documented tagged Bull Trout that make multiple trips between CML and river habitat during a single spawning season (Barnett and Paige 2013). Such behavior during the spawning season may increase the likelihood of Bull Trout spawning immediately upstream of the reservoir because the fish seek spawning habitat and partners while making relatively short, multiple movements between the river and reservoir.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, individuals move between stream systems within a single year, increasing the possibility of spreading spawning events spatially and temporally. By taking multiple trips into the river system (and potentially spawning with more than one partner), temporal and spatial variability of spawning is increased in the population (Barnett and Paige 2013). These behavioral characteristics interplay with environmental variables (e.g., streamflow, temperature, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Reservoir Elevation during the Spawning Season on the Distribution of Bull Trout Redds

Barnett¹,

Paige²,

Belknap³

2013

N American J Fish Manag

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Adfluvial Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus reside in Chester Morse Lake (CML), a major reservoir in the City of Seattle water supply system on the central west slope of the Cascade mountain range, Washington. Annual surveys over a 12‐year period (2000–2011) were used to investigate the spatial distribution of adfluvial Bull Trout redds in river systems of CML relative to reservoir elevation. Because reservoir elevations were lower in the spawning season than during the incubation period, some redds placed in river reaches near the reservoir were vulnerable to cumulative effects from impending inundation as reservoir levels increased and as fine sediments settled across gravel substrates. Higher average elevation of CML during the peak period of spawning caused significantly lower percentages of Bull Trout redds in lowermost river reaches, where fluctuating water levels could adversely affect incubating eggs (R 2 = 0.73). Annually, the proportion of redds distributed within habitat reaches where inundation, as indicated by mean CML elevation during the incubation period, could affect them, varied from 1% to 18%. However, a greater proportion of annual Bull Trout redds (10–68%) fell within the maximum reservoir elevation during the incubation period. These results suggest that maintaining moderate reservoir elevations during the spawning season and holding the reservoir near this elevation through the incubation period can lower the effect on incubating Bull Trout redds. The implications for water level management to benefit adfluvial Bull Trout derived from this data set could also be applicable in similar systems, especially where knowledge of temporal and spatial distribution of salmonid spawning is available. Received November 13, 2012; accepted June 17, 2013

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“…Given the species' sensitivity to water temperature (Selong et al 2001), bull trout were predicted to have the smallest home ranges during the warmest and coldest periods of the year, i.e., summer and winter. Reproductive migrations and their preference for cool water were expected to result in large home ranges and greater total monthly displacement in the fall months (Barnett and Paige 2013). Given that egg development is energetically costly compared with the cost of producing sperm and a larger body size requires more energy intake Fausch 1996, Wootton 1998), I predicted large females would possess the largest home range sizes and perform the greatest horizontal movement over the study period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken collectively, the movement of many individuals can illustrate generalized patterns for whole aggregations, populations, communities, and meta-communities (Turchin 1998; Giuggioli and Bartumeus 2010; Morales et al 2010). As such, organism movement is useful to test hypotheses about animal behaviour (Downes 2001;Busch and Mehner 2012), describe ecology (Bahr and Shrimpton 2004;Pade et al 2009), and to direct management and conservation activities (Marshell et al 2011;Barnett et al 2013). In a recent review, Holyoak et al (2008) found that an average of approximately 2 600 peer-reviewed articles/year were published on organism movement between 1997 and 2006.…”

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confidence: 99%

Movement ecology of adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

Frank¹,

Gutowsky²

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ii Dedication To Victoria, who has accompanied and encouraged me through all of my graduate studies. I also dedicate this thesis to my loving family and friends. Finally, in dedication to my earliest and most influential academic mentors, Mrs. Millar and Mr. Hudson.iii Abstract Organism movement can be explained by a combination of inter-related variables that are derived from an individual's internal state, environment, motion capacity, and navigation capacity. Movement ecology can be used as a framework under which to test ecological hypotheses across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. To reveal aspects of movement ecology of free-ranging adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), I used acoustic telemetry and tested hypotheses about thermal resource selection, diel vertical migration, and size and sex-related effects on movement. I tagged 187 adult fish and monitored these individuals for up to two years (2010)(2011)(2012) in the ~ 425 km 2 Kinbasket Reservoir, BC. Correlates of movement included combinations of variables representing the internal state (e.g., phenotypic traits including sex and body size), the external environment (e.g., temperature and diel period), and the navigation capacity (e.g., the way in which an organism perceives and navigates its environment). Over the two-year period, temperature experience was similar for all body sizes (~ 400-800 mm total length).During summers, bull trout were predicted to experience temperatures that were within ~1°C of their lab-derived thermal optimum for metabolism and growth for juveniles. Bull trout occupied temperatures between approximately 11-15°C and selected higher temperatures as these temperatures became less available with the progression of summer and autumn. Diel vertical migration (DVM) was evident, with the largest individuals occupying the shallowest water. Significant DVM continued to occur during winter when the thermal profile was presumably isothermal. Winter DVM, and a significant effect of body size, indicated that multiple inter-related factors were responsible for vertical movements. Body size and season were significant predictors of home range size, with iv the largest home ranges predicted during autumn and spring in fish greater than 700 mm total length. A significant sex x body size interaction predicted horizontal movement such that in a given month, large females moved significantly farther than large males and small females, whereas there was no difference between large and small males. This work provides novel insight into thermal resource selection, diel vertical migration, and the correlates of horizontal movement. This research generates new information on the movement ecology of adfluvial bull trout in a hydropower reservoir which is relevant to understanding entrainment risk.v Acknowledgements Special thanks to Philip Harrison and Eduardo Martins for their brilliant contributions to our published manuscripts and for their openness and willingness to share ideas and collaborate. Thanks greatly to my supervisor,...

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Movements by Adfluvial Bull Trout during the Spawning Season between Lake and River Habitats

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Annual Variation of Spawning Cutthroat Trout in a Small Western USA Stream: A Case Study with Implications for the Conservation of Potamodromous Trout Life History Diversity

Annual Variation of Spawning Cutthroat Trout in a Small Western USA Stream: A Case Study with Implications for the Conservation of Potamodromous Trout Life History Diversity

Impact of Reservoir Elevation during the Spawning Season on the Distribution of Bull Trout Redds

Movement ecology of adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)

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