Movements and swimming behaviour of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in Australian waters

Bruce, Barry D.; Stevens, John D.; Malcolm, Hamish A.

doi:10.1007/s00227-006-0325-1

Cited by 149 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Swimming, surfing or diving near seals or seal colonies has the highest rate of severe injury and fatalities (89% combined). These results have confirmed the apparent selectivity of pinnipeds in white-shark diet (Bruce 1992;Long et al 1996), to the extent that prey can shape whiteshark predatory strategies (Bruce et al 2006). These data have highlighted that swimming, diving or surfing near or amongst schooling fish, dolphins, seals or near seal colonies has the potential to substantially increase the risk of an interaction with a shark.…”

Section: Environmental Influences On Shark Attackssupporting

confidence: 62%

Changing patterns of shark attacks in Australian waters

West¹

2011

Mar. Freshwater Res.

118

120

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Abstract. Although infrequent, shark attacks attract a high level of public and media interest, and often have serious consequences for those attacked. Data from the Australian Shark Attack File were examined to determine trends in unprovoked shark attacks since 1900, particularly over the past two decades. The way people use the ocean has changed over time. The rise in Australian shark attacks, from an average of 6.5 incidents per year in 1990-2000, to 15 incidents per year over the past decade, coincides with an increasing human population, more people visiting beaches, a rise in the popularity of water-based fitness and recreational activities and people accessing previously isolated coastal areas. There is no evidence of increasing shark numbers that would influence the rise of attacks in Australian waters. The risk of a fatality from shark attack in Australia remains low, with an average of 1.1 fatalities year À1 over the past 20 years. The increase in shark attacks over the past two decades is consistent with international statistics of shark attacks increasing annually because of the greater numbers of people in the water.

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Section: Environmental Influences On Shark Attackssupporting

confidence: 62%

Changing patterns of shark attacks in Australian waters

West¹

2011

Mar. Freshwater Res.

118

120

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“…However, based on electronic tagging data and photographic identification of individuals, Bonfil et al (2005) reported transoceanic migration from South Africa to Australia of one white shark. The movement and habitat use of sharks in Australia-New Zealand and California-Hawaii has also been observed using the above methods (Boustany et al 2002;Bruce et al 2006;Weng et al 2007a). As the white sharks in Japan are assumed to be genetically closer to those from Australia-New Zealand and California-Hawaii than from South Africa, the population structure in the Pacific Ocean needs to be validated using electronic tagging studies on individuals from the western North Pacific and information from photographic identification, in conjunction with detailed studies of population genetics.…”

Section: Differences In Life-history Traitsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Age, growth and genetic status of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) from Kashima-nada, Japan

Tanaka¹,

Kitamura²,

Mochizuki³

et al. 2011

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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Abstract. The white shark, a top predator inhabiting the world's oceans, is an endangered species. However, knowledge of its life-history traits and population structure is still limited. We hypothesised that life-history traits would vary among populations because the species' various habitats are diverse and change through time. Age was estimated by counting growth bands in the centra of white sharks caught in Japan. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated at L N ¼ 455 cm TL, k ¼ 0.196 year À1 and t 0 ¼ À1.92 years for males and L N ¼ 607 cm TL, k ¼ 0.159 year À1 and t 0 ¼ À1.80 years for females. The growth rate to maturity was higher than that known for individuals from California and South Africa. Male sharks matured at 310 cm TL at 4 years of age and females began to mature at ,450 cm TL and 7 years. The D-loop-region sequences of mitochondrial DNA extracted from Japanese white sharks and GenBank datasets from sharks of California, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa indicate that Japanese white sharks form a monophyletic clade separate from the populations of other regions. The results suggest that unique life-history traits of Japanese white sharks may be caused by genetic differences.

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“…The high seasonal abundance of white sharks near seal and sea lion colonies has also allowed researchers in these regions to study the horizontal and vertical movements of white sharks over broad spatial and temporal scales using satellitebased tag technology. For instance, white sharks have been shown to exhibit deep-diving behavior associated with coastal and ocean basin-scale movements (Boustany et al 2002, Bonfil et al 2005, Bruce et al 2006, Weng et al 2007a,b, Domeier & NasbyLucas 2008, Nasby-Lucas et al 2009, Jorgensen et al 2010, Duffy et al 2012). This diving behavior has been linked to feeding (Domeier & Nasby-Lucas 2008, Nasby-Lucas et al 2009) and reproduction (Jorgensen et al 2012), but with only limited evidence for either hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%