Movement variability during single leg jump landings in individuals with and without chronic ankle instability

Selection Criteria for Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability in Controlled Research: A Position Statement of the International Ankle Consortium

“…Previous authors have considered mechanical instability as an explanatory factor for lingering ankle instability, but there has not been a definitive association of ankle laxity with CAI. 6,8,15,20,23,24,28,29,47 Hertel's 20 original model differentiated mechanical instability from functional instability. More recently, Hiller et al,23 refining the model of categorizing CAI, suggested as many as 7 subgroups of individuals with CAI that would likely provide better homogeneity in describing the pathology.…”

“…28,47 A recent advancement in the CAI literature has been the stratification of individuals, based on structural and functional impairments associated with ankle instability. Multiple studies by Brown et al [6][7][8] compared sensorimotor and biomechanical measures between patients classified as having mechanical ankle instability, functional ankle instability, and no measurable ankle instability or repeated injury (copers). Although the presence of mechanical laxity was associated with some proximal joint sensorimotor alterations and increases in ground reaction forces during landing tasks compared with the other groups, these differences were not observed consistently.…”

Selection Criteria for Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability in Controlled Research: A Position Statement of the International Ankle Consortium

“…Previous authors have considered mechanical instability as an explanatory factor for lingering ankle instability, but there has not been a definitive association of ankle laxity with CAI. [19][20][21]23,28,29,33,44,45 Hertel's 19 original model differentiated mechanical instability from functional instability. More recently, Hiller et al, 21 refining the model of categorizing CAI, suggest as many as 7 subgroups of individuals with CAI that likely provide better homogeneity in describing the pathology.…”

“…28,33 A recent advancement in the CAI literature has been the stratification of individuals based on structural and functional impairments associated with ankle instability. Multiple studies by Brown et al [44][45][46] compared sensorimotor and biomechanical measures between patients classified as having mechanical ankle instability, functional ankle instability, and copers (no measurable ankle instability or repeated injury). While the presence of mechanical laxity was associated with some proximal-joint sensorimotor alterations and increases in ground reaction forces during landing tasks compared with the other groups, these differences were not observed consistently.…”

Six-Week Combined Vibration and Wobble Board Training on Balance and Stability in Footballers With Functional Ankle Instability

“…39 The present study suggests that the combination of wobble board and vibration training may target not only the local muscles, such as tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and gastrocnemius, but also possibly the core muscle groups leading to improved movement efficiency and coping with the demands of the balance tasks. 40 This could explain the improvement seen in COM distribution and SEBT. This theory AU7 has also been supported by previous research, which indicates that improvements in SEBT may be achieved through increased abdominal activation, 41 highlighting the importance of rehabilitation within unstable ankle populations concentrating on a whole kinetic chain exercises, not just the peripheral site of the injury, 42 such as balance/vibration stimulation, mediated by a progressive set of exercises used in the present research.…”