Movement of respiratory CO2 in stems of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings

Martin, Timothy A.; Teskey, Robert O.; Dougherty, Phillip M.

doi:10.1093/treephys/14.5.481

Cited by 73 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Because most transpiration occurs during the day, the stem CO 2 efflux is expected to be lower during the day than at night (Martin et al, 1994;Maier and Clinton, 2006;Teskey et al, 2008;Höltta andKolari, 2009: Gruber et al, 2009;Brito et al, 2010). Alternative explanations include the possibility that (i) the temperatures measured a short distance beneath or at the surface of the bark, as in this study, may not be representative of the temperatures experienced by most of the respiring biomass (Derby and Gates, 1966); (ii) some CO 2 is stored temporarily (Höltta and Kolari, 2009); and (iii) stem respiration depends also on plant water stress (Lavigne, 1987;Teskey et al, 2008;Saveyn et al, 2007), which might be more severe during the day than during the night.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

Bown

Watt²

2016

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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H.E. Bown, and M.S. Watt. 2016. Stem and soil CO 2 efflux responses of Pinus radiata plantations to temperature, season, age, time (day/night) and fertilization. Cien. Inv. Agr. 43(1):95-109. Stem CO 2 efflux is a highly variable component of the carbon budget of forest ecosystems. It reflects the balance between the CO 2 respired by the living stem tissues, less the CO 2 dissolved in the xylem sap moving upward in the transpiration stream, plus the CO 2 transported from the roots and released at the stem. Although knowledge about such fluxes at different spatial and temporal scales has markedly increased, knowledge of the effects of silviculture treatments, such as fertilization, on stem CO 2 effluxes are still limited, particularly when connecting above-and belowground processes. Using measurements obtained from twin plots (one control, one fertilized) installed in five-, 12-and 23-year-old stands of Pinus radiata, the objective of this study was to examine the influence of the temperature, stand age, fertilization, season and time of measurement (day/night) on the stem CO 2 efflux, soil CO 2 efflux and their ratio. There was a strong significant positive relationship between the stem CO 2 efflux and temperature. The slope between these two variables declined as the stand age increased and was higher for nighttime than daytime measurements. The stem CO 2 efflux was higher in the fertilized plots compared with the unfertilized (control) plots for the 5-and 12-but not the 23-year-old age classes. In contrast, the soil CO 2 efflux was largely unaffected by the temperature, time of measurement (day/night), fertilization and stand age; however, significantly higher values of soil CO 2 efflux were measured during spring than during the other seasons. Given the relative invariance of the soil CO 2 efflux to the temperature and treatment effects, the ratio of the stem:soil CO 2 effluxes was affected by the same factors as the stem CO 2 effluxes. These results suggest that fertilization would increase wood production and wood CO 2 efflux without changing the soil CO 2 efflux, thus most likely proportionally increasing aboveground C partitioning and decrease belowground C partitioning, with this effect being enhanced at younger ages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

Bown

Watt²

2016

Cienc. Inv. Agr.

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“…Martin et al (1994) found temperature-independent fluctuations in stem CO 2 efflux in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings, with flux rates being 6.7 % lower during periods of high transpiration associated with high temperatures, as compared with periods of low transpiration. They could identify transport of respiratory CO 2 in and diffusive loss from the transpiration stream as the most likely cause of this unexpected observation.…”

Section: Bi-directional C Transport Processesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review

Brüggemann¹,

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has received increasing interest over the past few decades, however, there is still a lack of understanding of the fate of newly assimilated C allocated within plants and to the soil, stored within ecosystems and lost to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope studies can give novel insights into these issues. In this review we provide an overview of an emerging picture of plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes, as based on C isotopeCorrespondence to: N. Brüggemann (n.brueggemann@fz-juelich.de) studies, and identify processes determining related C isotope signatures. The first part of the review focuses on isotopic fractionation processes within plants during and after photosynthesis. The second major part elaborates on plantinternal and plant-rhizosphere C allocation patterns at different time scales (diel, seasonal, interannual), including the speed of C transfer and time lags in the coupling of assimilation and respiration, as well as the magnitude and controls of plant-soil C allocation and respiratory fluxes. Plant responses to changing environmental conditions, the functional relationship between the physiological and phenological status of plants and C transfer, and interactions between Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 3458 N. Brüggemann et al.: Plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes C, water and nutrient dynamics are discussed. The role of the C counterflow from the rhizosphere to the aboveground parts of the plants, e.g. via CO 2 dissolved in the xylem water or as xylem-transported sugars, is highlighted. The third part is centered around belowground C turnover, focusing especially on above-and belowground litter inputs, soil organic matter formation and turnover, production and loss of dissolved organic C, soil respiration and CO 2 fixation by soil microbes. Furthermore, plant controls on microbial communities and activity via exudates and litter production as well as microbial community effects on C mineralization are reviewed. A further part of the paper is dedicated to physical interactions between soil CO 2 and the soil matrix, such as CO 2 diffusion and dissolution processes within the soil profile. Finally, we highlight state-of-the-art stable isotope methodologies and their latest developments. From the presented evidence we conclude that there exists a tight coupling of physical, chemical and biological processes involved in C cycling and C isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. Generally, research using information from C isotopes allows an integrated view of the different processes involved. However, complex interactions among the range of processes complicate or currently impede the interpretation of isotopic signals in CO 2 or organic compounds at the plant and ecosystem level. This review tries to identify present knowledge gaps in correctly interpreting carbon stable isotope signals in the plant-soil-atmosphere system and how future research approaches could contribute to closing these gaps.

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“…Both rates (R d , R l ) were expressed on a total stem surface area, and the A max was calculated as the absolute value of the difference between R d and R l . It should be noted that the above-named assumptions could be a source of bias, in older and larger trees, where sapwood makes up >80% of the total stem volume, as well as under dry and sunny (field) conditions, when high rates of transpiration (and thus high sap velocities) occur (Martin et al, 1994;McGuire and Teskey, 2002). At high transpiration rates, a portion of the locally respired CO 2 may be carried upward by the transpiration stream instead of released through the bark (Negisi, 1979;Martin et al, 1994;Maier and Clinton, 2006).…”

Section: Temperature Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature dependency of bark photosynthesis in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees

Wittmann

Pfanz

2007

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Temperature dependencies of stem dark respiration (R d ) and light-driven bark photosynthesis (A max ) of two temperate tree species (Fagus sylvatica and Betula pendula) were investigated to estimate their probable influence on stem carbon balance. Stem R d was found to increase exponentially with increasing temperatures, whereas A max levelled off or decreased at the highest temperatures chosen (35-40°C). Accordingly, a linear relationship between respiratory and assimilatory metabolism was only found at moderate temperatures (10-30°C) and the relationship between stem R d and A max clearly departed from linearity at chilling (5°C) and at high temperatures (35-40°C). As a result, the proportional internal C-refixation rate also decreased non-linearly with increasing temperature. Temperature response of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry was also assessed. Bark photochemical yield (DF/F m #) followed the same temperature pattern as bark CO 2 assimilation. Maximum quantum yield of PSII (F v /F m ) decreased drastically at freezing temperatures (-5°C), while from 30 to 40°C only a marginal decrease in F v /F m was found. In in situ measurements during winter months, bark photosynthesis was found to be strongly reduced. Low temperature stress induced an active down-regulation of PSII efficiency as well as damage to PSII due to photoinhibition. All in all, the benefit of bark photosynthesis was negatively affected by low (<5°C) as well as high temperatures (>30°C). As the carbon balance of tree stems is defined by the difference between photosynthethic carbon gain and respiratory carbon loss, this might have important implications for accurate modelling of stem carbon balance.

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Movement of respiratory CO2 in stems of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

STEM AND SOIL CO2 Efflux Responses Of Pinus radiata PLANTATIONS TO TEMPERATURE, SEASON, AGE, TIME (DAY/NIGHT) AND FERTILIZATION

Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review

Temperature dependency of bark photosynthesis in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees

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