Movement of Legume Bacteria in Soil

Frazier, W. C.; Fred, E. B.

doi:10.1097/00010694-192207000-00005

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…ochroceus' migrated horizontally about 2-5 cm during 48 h in sterilized soils saturated with water. Frazier & Fred (1922) found that nodules of Rhizobium developed on soybean roots at a vertical distance of 17 cm from the inoculation site. Thornton & Gangulee (1926) movement of 15 cm being occasionally observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Migration distances of several centimetres, and in some cases several tens of centimetres, have been recorded (Frazier & Fred, 1922;Hamdi, 1971Hamdi, , 1974Kellerman & Fawcett, 1907;Madsen & Alexander, 1982 ;McCoy & Hagedorn, 1979 ;Wong & Griffin, 1976). The migration distance of associative beneficial bacteria of the genus Azospirillum in natural soil has not yet been sufficiently evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Horizontal and Vertical Movement of Azospirillum brasilense Cd in the Soil and along the Rhizosphere of Wheat and Weeds in Controlled and Field Environments

Bashan¹,

Levanony²

1987

Microbiology

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Horizontal movement of Azospirillum brasilense Cd in soil and its vertical movement in the plant rhizosphere were studied. No movement was detected in the absence of living plants. In a controlled environment the bacteria moved horizontally at least 30 cm from the inoculation point to the first growing plant. Once the first root system was colonized, all the neighbouring plants became inhabited. Horizontal movement under field conditions was at least 160 cm-, and depended on the presence of live plant roots. Several weeds that grew in the passes betweenglots acted as efficient vectors. The numbers of A . brasilense Cd decreased with increasing distance from the inoculated plot. Vertical movement in soil columns in a controlled environment was up to 40 cm. Under field conditions, bacteria were detected as deep as 50 cm in the root systems of wheat plants in various types of soil. During the growing season bacteria were mostly found on and in young roots at a depth of 20-50 cm and near the soil surface. A map of depth distribution of A. brasilense Cd showed an uneven colonization pattern within the same root system or between adjacent plants. It was concluded that A . brasilense Cd moved horizontally and vertically in various soil types and that this movement was mainly dependent on the presence of plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal and Vertical Movement of Azospirillum brasilense Cd in the Soil and along the Rhizosphere of Wheat and Weeds in Controlled and Field Environments

Bashan¹,

Levanony²

1987

Microbiology

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“…Otherwise, bacterial numbers are expected to reach similar final values as was the case in sterilized soil. Transloeation of rhizobia in natural soil has been observed to be limited [29,30] and could not be detected in the absence of a transporting agent [22] In natural soil considerable translocation associated with development of microcolonies or motility is unlikely, because carbon and energy supply is limiting and, at least for rhizobia, growth rarely occurs in the absence of added organic compounds, [22.28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the inoculum density on the growth and survival of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii introduced into sterile and non-sterile loamy sand and silt loam

Postma¹

1990

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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After the introduction of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii into natural loamy sand and silt loam, bacterial numbers increased only directly after inoculation. Thereafter, bacterial numbers decreased until an equilibrium was reached. This decrease was exponential on a log scale and could be described by the function Y = A+B−R′, where Y is the log number of rhizobial cells at time: T; A represents the lgo of the final population size; B is the difference between the log (initial number of bacteria) and A; R is the daily reduction factor of Y−A and t is time in days after inoculation. The final population sizes increased with increasing inoculum densities (104−108 bacteria/g soil). In sterilized soil, however, the populations increased up to an equilibrium, which was not affected by the inoculum density. The final population sizes were higher in silt loam than in loamy sand in natural, as well as in sterilized soil. The final population size was reached earlier in natural silt loam than in loamy sand. Also the growth rate in sterilized soil was higher in silt loam than in loamy sand. The growth rate of low inoculum densities in silt loam was exponential and approximately the same as in yeast extract mannitol broth. The growth rate in loamy sand could be improved by incresing the bulk density of the soil from 1.0 to 1.4 g/cm3.

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“…They assumed, however, that the movement was due to the multiplication of the bacteria. Frazier and Fred (1922) (6), however, concluded as a result of pot and field experiments, that soy-bean nodule bacteria spread very slowly, if at all, unless passively carried by water currents.…”

Section: E Spread Of the B Acteria Through Sterile Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life-cycle of the nodule organism, bacillus radicicola (Beij.), in soil and its relation to the infection of the host plant

1926

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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The existence of changes in the form of Bacillus radicicola has been known since Beijerinck (2) first isolated it in 1888 from leguminous plant nodules. He observed the motile “swarmer” stage as well as the branching forms, whose nature was already the subject of controversy. About the same time the development of straight-rod forms of the organism was described by Prazmowski (14). Numerous writers have since observed the existence of the organism in the three conditions of straight rods, branching rods and cocci (for references, see Löhnis, 1921 (10)). In 1916 Löhnis and Smith (11) claimed that the various forms constituted a definite life-cycle through which the organism normally passes, and this cycle, as seen in cultures, was carefully described in 1919 by Bewley and Hutchinson (3). In a vigorous young culture, the predominating form of the organism is a short, evenly staining rod (fig. 1). These rods soon undergo a change in internal structure, the staining material becoming segregated into bands crossing the cell. During this banded stage the cells frequently become swollen, distorted, and branched, the so-called “bacteroids” (Brunchorst (4)), but this irregularity of form is not an essential part of the life-cycle, but would appear to be a response to conditions of the environment (Buchanan, 1909) (5). The banded cells give rise to the cocci by further condensation of the bands. The origin of the cocci within the mother-cell was described and illustrated in 1891 by Morck (12), who was the first to appreciate the relation of the internal structure of the cell to the life-history of the organism. The cocci are usually released in a non-motile condition, and afterwards develop flagella, becoming actively motile, the “swarmers” of Beijerinck (2). Under certain conditions, however, the cocci develop flagella while still enclosed within the mother-cell. This condition has been described by Greig-Smith (8) and the observation confirmed by one of the present authors (7). The cocci eventually become elongated and thus pass into the unbanded rod stage. The flagella, which are developed on the cocci, persist after this elongation, but are soon lost: the rods then become non-motile. The development of motility in a culture is thus intimately associated with the appearance of the coccus stage.

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Movement of Legume Bacteria in Soil

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Horizontal and Vertical Movement of Azospirillum brasilense Cd in the Soil and along the Rhizosphere of Wheat and Weeds in Controlled and Field Environments

Horizontal and Vertical Movement of Azospirillum brasilense Cd in the Soil and along the Rhizosphere of Wheat and Weeds in Controlled and Field Environments

Influence of the inoculum density on the growth and survival of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii introduced into sterile and non-sterile loamy sand and silt loam

The life-cycle of the nodule organism, bacillus radicicola (Beij.), in soil and its relation to the infection of the host plant

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