Movement of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts through Soils without Preferential Pathways: Exploratory Test

Darnault, Christophe; Peng, Zhenyang; Yu, Chengtao; Li, Biting; Jacobson, Astrid R.; Baveye, Philippe C.

doi:10.3389/fenvs.2017.00039

Cited by 9 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…We hypothesized that in these soils the matrix flow transporting MS did not pass through the disconnected macropores. Evidence for the transport of particles through the matrix has been reported in similar experiments in artificial soils with poorly connected macroporosity (Lehmann et al, 2018) and with repacked soils (Darnault et al, 2017). The authors of this last study noted that Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (with diameters three to five times larger than the microspheres used here) FIGURE 6 Legend on next coloumn.…”

Section: Microsphere Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 70%

A new method to trace colloid transport pathways in macroporous soils using X‐ray computed tomography and fluorescence macrophotography

Gómez

Pérez‐Rodríguez

Juíz

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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The fast and deep percolation of particles through soil is attributed to preferential flow pathways, and their extent can be critical in the filtering of particulate pollutants in soil. Particle deposition on the pore walls and transport between the pores and matrix modulate the preferential flow of particulate pollutants. In the present research, we developed a novel method of combining fluorescence macrophotography and X‐ray computed tomography (CT) to track preferential pathways of colloidal fluorescent microspheres (MS) in breakthrough experiments. We located accumulations of MS by fluorescence imaging and used them to delimit the deposition structures along the preferential colloid pathways by superimposing these images on the 3‐D pore network obtained from CT. Advection–diffusion with transport parameters from the dual‐porosity equation correlated with preferential pathway features across different soil management techniques. However, management did not influence the morphology of the MS preferential pathways. Preferential flow occurred in only a small fraction of the total pore network and was controlled by pores connected to the soil surface and by matrix density. Highlights X‐ray tomography and epifluorescence images were combined to identify preferential pathways in soil. Preferential pathways constituted approximately 1% of the soil bulk volume. Correlations between descriptors of preferential pathways and colloid transport were found. Tillage influenced the morphology of pores, but not the shape of preferential pathways.

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Section: Microsphere Pathwayssupporting

confidence: 70%

A new method to trace colloid transport pathways in macroporous soils using X‐ray computed tomography and fluorescence macrophotography

Gómez

Pérez‐Rodríguez

Juíz

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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“…Additionally, all three regions are predominantly underlain by karstified carboniferous limestone aquifers [ 40 ] which have previously been associated with the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in private and small public drinking water supplies [ 12 , 41 ]. Conversely, the Greater Dublin area, characterised by a large urban commuter belt, spatially extensive consolidated bedrocks and high levels of municipal water and wastewater infrastructure, did not exhibit any space–time clusters over the study period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Ireland, 2008–2017: development of a space–time “cluster recurrence” index

et al. 2021

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Background Ireland frequently reports the highest annual Crude Incidence Rates (CIRs) of cryptosporidiosis in the EU, with national CIRs up to ten times the EU average. Accordingly, the current study sought to examine the spatiotemporal trends associated with this potentially severe protozoan infection. Methods Overall, 4509 cases of infection from January 2008 to December 2017 were geo-referenced to a Census Small Area (SA), with an ensemble of geo-statistical approaches including seasonal decomposition, Local Moran’s I, and space–time scanning used to elucidate spatiotemporal patterns of infection. Results One or more confirmed cases were notified in 3413 of 18,641 Census SAs (18.3%), with highest case numbers occurring in the 0–5-year range (n = 2672, 59.3%). Sporadic cases were more likely male (OR 1.4) and rural (OR 2.4), with outbreak-related cases more likely female (OR 1.4) and urban (OR 1.5). Altogether, 55 space–time clusters (≥ 10 confirmed cases) of sporadic infection were detected, with three “high recurrence” regions identified; no large urban conurbations were present within recurrent clusters. Conclusions Spatiotemporal analysis represents an important indicator of infection patterns, enabling targeted epidemiological intervention and surveillance. Presented results may also be used to further understand the sources, pathways, receptors, and thus mechanisms of cryptosporidiosis in Ireland.

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“…Although only few data are available on the transport of environmentally relevant plastic particles by water flow, it is reasonable to infer that plastic particles with sizes >10 μm will be mostly retained in the top of the soil, based on findings for other colloids with similar size (e.g., Phytophthora zoospores and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts; Darnault et al, 2017;Jeon et al, 2016;Yu, Elliott, Chowdhury, & Flury, 2021), whereas macropores in soils can provide potential pathways for plastic particles >10 μm (Cumbie & McKay, 1999;Darnault et al, 2004).…”

Section: Environmentally Relevant Micro-and Nanoplasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of subsurface transport of micro‐ and nanoplastics in soil

Flury

2021

Vadose Zone Journal

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Environmental problems caused by plastic pollution in terrestrial systems have received increasing attention, especially the issues related to micro-and nanoplastics. Soils are a major receptacle and reservoir of plastics, and accumulated plastics can negatively affect soil health. In this short review, we discuss the current state of knowledge of subsurface transport of micro-and nanoplastics in soils. We discuss the fundamental transport mechanisms for micro-and nanoplastics and highlight the peculiarities of environmentally relevant micro-and nanoplastics. Plastic particles >10 μm are generally filtered out in soil, but smaller plastic particles have the potential to move through soil. Larger plastics in soil will break down into micro-and nanoplastics over time due to environmental weathering reactions, making the plastics more prone to subsurface transport. Moreover, interactions with microorganisms and dissolved organic matter may render micro-and nanoplastics more hydrophilic, thereby facilitating subsurface transport. Further, soil organisms can move plastic particles by bioturbation, and plastics themselves can affect soil hydraulic properties. Although much of the past research has focused on transport of pristine plastic particles, focus should be given to environmentally relevant plastics, considering the complexities of irregular shape, polydisperse size, and heterogenous surface properties, as well as the temporal changes of these properties caused by continuous environmental modifications. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Movement of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts through Soils without Preferential Pathways: Exploratory Test

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

A new method to trace colloid transport pathways in macroporous soils using X‐ray computed tomography and fluorescence macrophotography

A new method to trace colloid transport pathways in macroporous soils using X‐ray computed tomography and fluorescence macrophotography

Spatiotemporal epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in the Republic of Ireland, 2008–2017: development of a space–time “cluster recurrence” index

Current understanding of subsurface transport of micro‐ and nanoplastics in soil

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