Movement disorders in autoimmune encephalitis: an update

Qin, Momei; Chen, Jiaojiao; Guo, Xueyi; Xiang, Xuying; Wang, Yong; Mao, Ling

doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11881-1

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…An estimated half of AE cases present with movement disorders 13. In the case of GFAP astrocytopathy, hyperkinetic disorders including ataxia, chorea, myoclonus and tremor have been described 13. The classic MRI finding of linear, radial perivascular contrast enhancement extending from the GFAP-enriched periventricular surface may be seen in approximately 50% of cases,11 but its absence, as was the case in this patient, does not rule out this entity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Additional clues in this patient included progressive encephalopathy, postural and action tremor, and impressive generalised myoclonus 1 13. An estimated half of AE cases present with movement disorders 13. In the case of GFAP astrocytopathy, hyperkinetic disorders including ataxia, chorea, myoclonus and tremor have been described 13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Patients usually present with meningitis, encephalitis and/or myelitis 11 12. Additional clues in this patient included progressive encephalopathy, postural and action tremor, and impressive generalised myoclonus 1 13. An estimated half of AE cases present with movement disorders 13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Autoimmune encephalitis in glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy

Zhao,

Gheihman,

Nigam

et al. 2024

BMJ Case Rep

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Autoimmune encephalitis due to glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a rare cause of subacute neuropsychiatric changes. In this case, a young patient presented with a viral prodrome and meningismus, followed by progressive encephalopathy and movement disorders over the span of 2 weeks. Due to his clinical trajectory, inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, initial normal brain imaging and negative serum autoimmune encephalopathy panel, his initial diagnosis was presumed viral meningoencephalitis. The recurrence and progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms and myoclonus despite antiviral treatment prompted further investigation, inclusive of testing for CSF autoimmune encephalopathy autoantibodies, yielding a clinically meaningful, positive GFAP autoantibody. This case highlights the importance of appropriately testing both serum and CSF autoantibodies when an autoimmune encephalitic process is considered. Through this case, we review the clinical and radiographic manifestations of GFAP astrocytopathy, alongside notable pearls pertaining to this autoantibody syndrome and its management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%