“…A low risk of mortality (Hirt-Chabbert & Young, 2012) and high retention rate (Zimmerman & Welsh, 2008) can be achieved, but this is variable across species and habitats, and trials of suitability are always recommended with new study species (Cooke et al, 2012;Jepsen et al, 2002). In Africa, surgical implantation of tags into freshwater fishes has been employed both successfully (Hocutt, 1989;Howell et al, 2015;Huchzermeyer et al, 2013) and less successfully, with high mortality rates (Økland et al, 2003) and tag loss (Mlewa et al, 2005;Økland et al, 2003) contributing to unsuccessful experiments. The high temperatures of African rivers are thought to contribute to a higher risk of infection that could later lead to mortality or tag loss (Økland et al, 2003).…”