Movement and Urban Development at Two City Gates in Rome

Malmberg, Simon; Bjur, Hans

doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199583126.003.0016

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…I believe we should, at least in the period from Augustus to Aurelian, view this phenomenon as one city of different densities, an extended urban landscape, where it was hard to know 'up to what point it is still the city and where it ceases to be the city; so closely is the city connected with the country, giving the beholder the impression of a city stretching out 29 Fletcher 1995;Fletcher 2009. 30 Witcher 2005Malmberg, Bjur 2009;Dyson 2010, 327;Malmberg, Bjur 2011;Witcher 2011;De Ligt 2012;Malmberg 2015;Witcher 2017;Witcher 2020, 172, 195. 31 Malmberg 2021, with references to previous research.…”

Section: Extended Urban Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Millennium of Resilience, Vulnerability and Sustainability at Rome, c. 200 BCE-800 CE

Malmberg

2024

Acta

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The contribution uses the four phases of growth, conservation, release, and reorganisation of the adaptive cycle model from resilience theory in a study of developments at Rome in the millennium from the late Republic through late antiquity. In addition, the study applies the concepts of vulnerability and sustainability to investigate responses to crises. The focus is on change in the size of the city of Rome, the relationship between the city and the hinterland, and how society tried to adapt to environmental, economic, political, and social challenges. It concludes that, in the end, the city of Rome proved resilient, and entered the medieval period still the largest city of the Latin world.

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Section: Extended Urban Landscapementioning

confidence: 99%

Millennium of Resilience, Vulnerability and Sustainability at Rome, c. 200 BCE-800 CE

Malmberg

2024

Acta

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“…Dupré Raventos 2004). Following the spatial turn, scholars have also become increasingly interested in the internal viability of the Roman metropolis, which of course was decisively influenced by the hills on which the city first emerged, and the lower-lying valleys in between (Malmberg 2009;Malmberg and Bjur 2011).…”

Section: Taming the Terrain: Urbanism On Hilltops And Plateausmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hilltops, heat, and precipitation

Flohr¹

2020

Urban Space and Urban History in the Roman World

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According to Vitruvius, the town of Mytilene on Lesbos was elegantly built and magnificent in its appearance. Yet for its inhabitants, it was not a particularly good place to live:In that community when the wind is south, the people fall ill; when it is northwest, it sets them coughing; with a north wind they do indeed recover but cannot stand about in the alleys (plataeae) and streets (angiportus), owing to the severe cold.(Vitr. De arch. 1.6.1; translation: Morgan 1914)The architect explains what has gone wrong: the orientation of the street grid had not been adapted to the prevailing wind regimes, so that the Mytileneans unduly suffered from cold and sickness. In designing the urban street network, Vitruvius emphasizes, prevailing winds need to be kept as much as possible out of the narrower streets-the angiportus-where many houses had their main entrance. Later on, in his discussion of domestic architecture, Vitruvius returns to the issue of climate and weather, pointing out that differences between houses in different parts of the world stem from differences in climatological conditions. Hence, houses in Egypt are bound to differ from those in Hispania, and those in Pontus will be designed according to other priorities than those in Rome: aliter Aegypto, aliter Hispania, non eodem modo Ponto, dissimiliter Romae (Vitr. De arch. 6.1.1). For Vitruvius, urban development was, more than anything else, about designing the right city for the right environment and, thus, about limiting the extent to which adverse conditions could complicate urban life: the very location of the city, the layout and orientation of the street grid, the placement and design of the most important civic buildings, all were to be adapted to the natural environment in which the city was to be situated. Much of his advice is well known: cities should be built on higher ground, and they were not to be situated near marshes, unless these could be (and were) drained (De arch. 1.4.1); the forum should be situated right in the middle of the city, unless the city was a port, in which case it was to be situated close to the harbour (1.7.1); bath buildings were to be situated in the warmest possible location

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“…The carruca and rheda, both imported from Gaul in the Republican period, were the quickest and most common transport vehicles, featuring four wheels and often drawn by pairs or fourin-hand teams of mules or horses (Sartorio 1994: 54-61). The introduction and diffusion of these vehicles during the Republican period would have led to increased mobility at sustainable speeds, especially in a suburban context, where congestion would not have equaled that of the City (see Malmberg and Bjur 2011).…”

Section: Rome: An Ancient Dynametropolis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-defining the Roman ‘<i>suburbium</i>’ from Republic to Empire: A Theoretical Approach

Mandich

2015

Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal

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Movement and Urban Development at Two City Gates in Rome

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Millennium of Resilience, Vulnerability and Sustainability at Rome, c. 200 BCE-800 CE

Millennium of Resilience, Vulnerability and Sustainability at Rome, c. 200 BCE-800 CE

Hilltops, heat, and precipitation

Re-defining the Roman ‘<i>suburbium</i>’ from Republic to Empire: A Theoretical Approach

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