Clausal edges seem to have an effect on the scopes that arguments residing at those edges can have. In particular, they influence whether an argument may be interpreted at a lowered, or reconstructed, position within the clause. This is probably what is responsible for the difference between (1a) and (1b), which formed the focus for the debate in Stowell 1991 and Williams 1983.(1) a. A linguist seems to be unhappy. b. A linguist seems unhappy.While (1a) allows for a reading in which a linguist is interpreted as part of the clausal complement to seem, (1b) strongly favors the reading in which a linguist has root wide scope. That is, whereas both (1a) and (1b) can be read as statements that ascribe to some linguist or other the appearance of unhappiness, only (1a) can also be understood as a statement about the appearance of unhappy linguists. If we hold constant the idea that the complement of seem is a clause in both these cases, and that a linguist receives its 2-role from within this clause, then the contrast can be described in terms of conditions on reconstructing a linguist into that clause.Heycock 1995 argues that the same sort of contrast emerges in clauses with accusative subjects; (2a) allows only a presuppositional reading for many drugs, whereas (2b) permits a reading in which many drugs gets a weak, cardinal, interpretation.