Movement and distribution of fertilizer nitrogen as affected by depth of placement in wetland rice

Obcema, WN; Datta, SK De; Broadbent, F. E.

doi:10.1007/bf01052711

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…3), indicating that the fertilizer N had not moved upward in the soil profile. Our results are contrary to those of Obcema et al (1984) who found N movement in all directions from (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 supergranules placed 5 to 15 cm below the soil surface with the greatest movement being downward followed by lateral and then upward. The reasons for the discrepancy between these studies may be N supergranules result in a much higher localized N concentration thus creating a greater diffusion gradient than when fertilizer N is broadcast or drilled into the soil in rows.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…4) and differences in cropping history, soils, residue management, crop rotations and early season water management (Table 1). These results confirm findings by others (Mikkelsen and Finfrock, 1957; Broadbent and Mikkelsen, 1968; Obcema et al, 1984) who reported higher rice yields when N fertilizer was incorporated compared to being broadcast on the surface.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…We did not measure N uptake during the first two sampling times in all treatments. However, Obcema et al (1984) reported that in transplanted rice systems when N was applied at depths of 5 to 15 cm below the soil surface there was a 10 to 30 d lag in N uptake compared to when N was applied on the surface which lead to greater early season biomass when surface N was applied. In our study, by 33 to 39 DAS there were significant differences in N uptake between treatments; however, this was primarily due to differences in total N input (Table 6) and was not significantly affected by whether or not the N was surface or subsurface applied (Table 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surface applied N is taken up less efficiently and is more susceptible to losses than N applied below the soil surface (Mikkelsen and Finfrock, 1957; Broadbent and Mikkelsen, 1968; Obcema et al, 1984). Mikkelsen and Finfrock (1957) showed that the mean oxidation–reduction potential in the surface 0.5 cm remained in an oxidative state following flooding while soil at the 5 cm depth showed reduced conditions 5 d after flooding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Necessity of Surface‐Applied Preplant Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice Systems

Hill

Mutters

Greer³

et al. 2009

Agronomy Journal

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California rice (Oryza sativa L.) growers typically use two forms of preplant N fertilizer: aqua NH 3 applied 7 to 10 cm below the soil surface (subsurface N) and surface-applied N. Th e rational for applying about 25% of the total N rate to the surface is to provide a readily available N source for young rice seedlings; however no research has been done to verify this. On-farm fi eld studies were conducted over a 3-yr period (12 site-years) with the specifi c objectives of determining when rice begins to use subsurface N and to compare the effi ciency of surface and subsurface applied N. Rice seedlings began accumulating subsurface N within 2 wk aft er sowing at some sites. When a portion of the N rate was applied to the surface, early season plant biomass and N uptake was higher than when all of the fertilizer-N was applied subsurface. In contrast, grain yields were higher when all of the N fertilizer was applied subsurface. Averaged across all sites, the fertilizer-N recovery effi ciency of surface-applied N was 38% compared to 53% when only subsurface N was applied. As aqua NH 3 is less expensive than NH 4 + based fertilizers and the application of surface N requires an additional fi eld operation, there is no justifi cation to recommend the practice of applying surface N fertilizer in these rice systems. Instead, all of the preplant N should be applied subsurface as aqua NH 3 .

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Necessity of Surface‐Applied Preplant Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice Systems

Hill

Mutters

Greer³

et al. 2009

Agronomy Journal

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“…When soils are sampled, it is not possible to know if the samples are taken from within a band or between bands. Over time, however, this nitrogen moves laterally through the soil (Obcema et al 1984), and subsurface nitrogen levels become less variable.…”

Section: Early-season Nitrogen Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice field drainage affects nitrogen dynamics and management

Koffler¹,

Hill²,

Kessel³

2011

Calif Agr

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Many California rice growers are now using foliar-active herbicides that require fields to be drained before application. Current regulations limit aerial herbicides and they must be applied by ground, requiring a soil surface dry enough to support application equipment. Our research showed that draining rice fields for a prolonged period early in the season led to a buildup of nitrate in the soil. About 60% of this nitrogen was lost when the field was reflooded, reducing nitrogen-use efficiency and uptake, and lowering grain yields. Nitrate-nitrogen accumulated at a rate of about 1.8 pounds per acre daily, and accumulation began about 4 days after the field was drained. During a typical drain of 10 to 14 days, about 20 pounds of nitrate-nitrogen per acre can be lost. Field experiments showed that incorporating fertilizer nitrogen into the subsurface soil increases nitrogen-use efficiency. Based on this research, we recommend that growers incorporate as much of their preplant nitrogen as possible below the soil surface and limit the drain period as much as possible.

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Deep fertilization with controlled‐release fertilizer for higher cereal yield and N utilization in paddies: The optimal fertilization depth

Hou

Wensheng

et al. 2021

Agronomy Journal

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Belowground fertilization is a prevalent strategy for considerable grain yield and N utilization. However, the optimal fertilization depth remains uncertain in paddies, especially for slow/controlled release fertilizers. This study aimed to clarify the effect of deep "controlled-release blended fertilizer" (CRBF) fertilization on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and N utilization. Two N-fertilizer types were selected (a) urea and (b) CRBF, both combined at three fertilization depths (a) 0 cm, (b) 5 cm, and (c) 10 cm. The results showed that the grain yield was significantly affected by fertilizer type and fertilization depth. The yield achieved from CRBF was 7.8% higher than that from the urea application. Deep fertilization could also increase the rice yield with the optimum achieved from the 5-cm depth fertilization (yield increased by 15.1% compared to that from the manual surface fertilization). Overall, the 5-cm depth CRBF fertilization achieved the highest yield among all treatments with 12.21 and 11.84 t ha -1 for 2018 and 2019, respectively. The larger sink was the main reason for this performance. Additionally, the higher photosynthetic efficient population after earing was another principal driver to the higher yield from CRBF. Due to the higher N uptake, CRBF application increased both N partial factor productivity (PFP) and recovery efficiency (RE) (P < .05); fertilization depth also had a striking effect on PFP and RE (P < .05 or .01). The 5-cm depth fertilization of CRBF achieved the highest N utilization for both years. The results suggest that 5-cm depth fertilization combined with controlled-release fertilizer is a suitable strategy for higher rice yield and N utilization.

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Movement and distribution of fertilizer nitrogen as affected by depth of placement in wetland rice

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Assessing the Necessity of Surface‐Applied Preplant Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice Systems

Assessing the Necessity of Surface‐Applied Preplant Nitrogen Fertilizer in Rice Systems

Rice field drainage affects nitrogen dynamics and management

Deep fertilization with controlled‐release fertilizer for higher cereal yield and N utilization in paddies: The optimal fertilization depth

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