Move to learn: Integrating spatial information from multiple viewpoints

Holmes, Corinne A.; Newcombe, Nora S.; Shipley, Thomas F.

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.05.003

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The intuitions derived by this engineering framework converge with theoretical insights from ethological, behavioral and cognitive studies (Fig. 6A) (Gallistel, 1990), in which some form of path integration is deemed necessary for integrating egocentric percepts into a consistent allocentric representation Nitz, 2017, 2015;Byrne et al, 2007;Holmes et al, 2018;Nitz, 2009Nitz, , 2006Peyrache et al, 2017;Whitlock et al, 2012;Wilber et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2018). When the map of a new environment is first learned, landmarks are of no immediate help for correcting path integration drift if they are not first charted relative to the allocentric reference frame in use, a task requiring path integration to begin with (Fig.…”

Section: Subcortical Oscillatorssupporting

confidence: 62%

Origin and role of path integration in the cognitive representations of the hippocampus: computational insights into open questions

Savelli

Knierim

2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Path integration is a straightforward concept with varied connotations that are important to different disciplines concerned with navigation, such as ethology, cognitive science, robotics and neuroscience. In studying the hippocampal formation, it is fruitful to think of path integration as a computation that transforms a sense of motion into a sense of location, continuously integrated with landmark perception. Here, we review experimental evidence that path integration is intimately involved in fundamental properties of place cells and other spatial cells that are thought to support a cognitive abstraction of space in this brain system. We discuss hypotheses about the anatomical and computational origin of path integration in the wellcharacterized circuits of the rodent limbic system. We highlight how computational frameworks for map-building in robotics and cognitive science alike suggest an essential role for path integration in the creation of a new map in unfamiliar territory, and how this very role can help us make sense of differences in neurophysiological data from novel versus familiar and small versus large environments. Similar computational principles could be at work when the hippocampus builds certain non-spatial representations, such as time intervals or trajectories defined in a sensory stimulus space.

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Section: Subcortical Oscillatorssupporting

confidence: 62%

Origin and role of path integration in the cognitive representations of the hippocampus: computational insights into open questions

Savelli

Knierim

2019

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…It is not surprising that participants have wider decision boundaries when a perspective shift is introduced, as they need to accumulate extra information to inform them about their new orientation. In addition, after participants accumulate information about the new orientation, they need to perform extra mental computations (Holmes et al, 2018), which come with an increased cognitive cost, to transform their stored representation of object locations to be consistent with that new perspective, and this additional cognitive demand is reflected in lower drift rates. Those results highlight that the spatial perspective shift not only increases processing demands but that it induces changes in response strategies, which are differentially affected by ageing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once a spatial representation of a place is created, visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs during active movement can be used to update the representation to allow place recognition from a different perspective (Christou & Bülthoff, 2000;Waller, Montello, Richardson, & Hegarty, 2002). However, if physical movement is absent, recognition across different perspectives can be achieved through the formation of a viewpoint-independent representation or by mental manipulations of the new or stored representation (Holmes, Newcombe, & Shipley, 2018;King, Burgess, Hartley, Vargha-Khadem, & O'Keefe, 2002;Klencklen, Després, & Dufour, 2012). Possible manipulations include: (1) mentally rotating the new representation in alignment with the stored representation, (2) imagining moving around, and (3) rotating the stored representation to match the representation viewed Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01089-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related differences in visual encoding and response strategies contribute to spatial memory deficits

et al. 2020

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Successful navigation requires memorising and recognising the locations of objects across different perspectives. Although these abilities rely on hippocampal functioning, which is susceptible to degeneration in older adults, little is known about the effects of ageing on encoding and response strategies that are used to recognise spatial configurations. To investigate this, we asked young and older participants to encode the locations of objects in a virtual room shown as a picture on a computer screen. Participants were then shown a second picture of the same room taken from the same (0°) or a different perspective (45°or 135°) and had to judge whether the objects occupied the same or different locations. Overall, older adults had greater difficulty with the task than younger adults although the introduction of a perspective shift between encoding and testing impaired performance in both age groups. Diffusion modelling revealed that older adults adopted a more conservative response strategy, while the analysis of gaze patterns showed an age-related shift in visual-encoding strategies with older adults attending to more information when memorising the positions of objects in space. Overall, results suggest that ageing is associated with declines in spatial processing abilities, with older individuals shifting towards a more conservative decision style and relying more on encoding target object positions using room-based cues compared to younger adults, who focus more on encoding the spatial relationships among object clusters.

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“…In our study, we found that the initiation of a perspective shift was associated with a drop in recognition sensitivity, which did not interact with age as reported by Muffato et al (2019) . This can be explained by the initiation of additional spatial perspective taking mechanisms, which are not active in the 0° condition, therefore incurring additional cognitive load ( Holmes et al, 2018 ). In contrast to Muffato et al (2019) , we did not find that sensitivity continued to drop with increasing degrees of perspective change (30° vs. 60°).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Encoding Strategy as a Potential Explanation for Age-Related Decline in Place Recognition Ability

et al. 2020

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The ability to recognise places is known to deteriorate with advancing age. In this study, we investigated the contribution of age-related changes in spatial encoding strategies to declining place recognition ability. We recorded eye movements while younger and older adults completed a place recognition task first described by Muffato et al. (2019). Participants first learned places, which were defined by an array of four objects, and then decided whether the next place they were shown was the same or different to the one they learned. Places could be shown from the same spatial perspective as during learning or from a shifted perspective (30° or 60°). Places that were different to those during learning were changed either by substituting an object in the place with a novel object or by swapping the locations of two objects. We replicated the findings of Muffato et al. (2019) showing that sensitivity to detect changes in a place declined with advancing age and declined when the spatial perspective was shifted. Additionally, older adults were particularly impaired on trials in which object locations were swapped; however, they were not differentially affected by perspective changes compared to younger adults. During place encoding, older adults produced more fixations and saccades, shorter fixation durations, and spent less time looking at objects compared to younger adults. Further, we present an analysis of gaze chaining, designed to capture spatio-temporal aspects of gaze behaviour. The chaining measure was a significant predictor of place recognition performance. We found significant differences between age groups on the chaining measure and argue that these differences in gaze behaviour are indicative of differences in encoding strategy between age groups. In summary, we report a direct replication of Muffato et al. (2019) and provide evidence for age-related differences in spatial encoding strategies, which are related to place recognition performance.

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Move to learn: Integrating spatial information from multiple viewpoints

Cited by 26 publications

References 64 publications

Origin and role of path integration in the cognitive representations of the hippocampus: computational insights into open questions

Origin and role of path integration in the cognitive representations of the hippocampus: computational insights into open questions

Age-related differences in visual encoding and response strategies contribute to spatial memory deficits

Differences in Encoding Strategy as a Potential Explanation for Age-Related Decline in Place Recognition Ability

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