Mouse Toxicity Induced by Lipids and Cell Walls Isolated from Actinomycetes

Ekizlerian, S. M.; Filho, Sebastião L. Brandão; Silva, Célio Lopes

doi:10.1099/00221287-132-9-2647

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…or the rapidly growing, soft colony nocardiae (Rhodococcus spp.) (24,86,120,226,227,279,333,335,336,491,614,615,630,729). Tamplin and McClung (661) reported that there appeared to be a relationship between the cellular content of TDM in N. asteroides and virulence.…”

Section: Role Of Mycolic Acids In Nocardia-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(24,86,120,226,227,279,333,335,336,491,614,615,630,729). Most of these are composed of large hydroxylated fatty acids (mycolic acids as described above) esterified to the disaccharide trehalose to form a trehalose glycolipid (279).…”

Section: Role Of Mycolic Acids In Nocardia-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of other compounds linked to mycolic acids are localized in the nocardial cell envelope (24,29,55,86,226,277,333,469). Little is known concerning the toxicity or biological activity of these compounds.…”

Section: Role Of Mycolic Acids In Nocardia-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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The nocardiae are bacteria belonging to the aerobic actinomycetes. They are an important part of the normal soil microflora worldwide. The type species, Nocardia asteroides, and N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. nova, and N. transvalensis cause a variety of diseases in both normal and immunocompromised humans and animals. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are complex, not fully understood, and include the capacity to evade or neutralize the myriad microbicidal activities of the host. The relative virulence of N. asteroides correlates with the ability to inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion in phagocytes; to neutralize phagosomal acidification; to detoxify the microbicidal products of oxidative metabolism; to modify phagocyte function; to grow within phagocytic cells; and to attach to, penetrate, and grow within host cells. Both activated macrophages and immunologically specific T lymphocytes constitute the major mechanisms for host resistance to nocardial infection, whereas B lymphocytes and humoral immunity do not appear to be as important in protecting the host. Thus, the nocardiae are facultative intracellular pathogens that can persist within the host, probably in a cryptic form (L-form), for life. Silent invasion of brain cells by some Nocardia strains can induce neurodegeneration in experimental animals; however, the role of nocardiae in neurodegenerative diseases in humans needs to be investigated.

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Section: Role Of Mycolic Acids In Nocardia-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Mycolic Acids In Nocardia-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

1994

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“…Ekizlerian et al(1986) indicated that heat-killed Actinomadura madurae, 'Streptomyces pelletieri'and Nocardia brasiliensis contain components with toxic and inflammatory properties; producing loss of body weight, formation of inflammatory exudates, granulomas and death when inoculated into mice. The initial chemical analysis of these toxic component showed that they were composed mainly of polysaccharide and the mycolic acid whichwas only detected in the lipid extract of N. brasiliensis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Pathogenicity of Actinomycetes (Nocardiopsisdassonvillei) spores on male albino rats.

Saad¹,

Ahmed²,

Nabil³

2016

IOSR

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Abstracts:Nocardiopsis dassonvillei was isolated from the indoor air of critical areas of hospitals and its pathogenicity was evaluated in vivo. Male albino rats were injected I.P with Nocardiopsis dassonvillei spores (1×10 7 /rat ) for 2 weeks. Different changes in haematological and biochemical parameters after one and two weeks of actinomycete spores injection were assessed. Nocardiopsis infection caused RBCs count decrease and significantly decline Hb concentration compared to control group, while significant increase in WBCs, Neutrophil, Lymphocytes and Platelets were observed. Hepatotoxicity of Nocardiopsis was also investigated through severe drop in the activity of liver function markers (ALT, AST) after 2 weeks. Moreover, it induced hepatic apoptosis which is detected by caspase 3. It can be concluded that exposure to Nocardiopsis dassonvillei spores may cause haematological , biochemical disorders and heptotoxicity,

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“…A group of biologically active and toxic glycolipids have been identified on the surface of bacterial cells of Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Rhodococcus spp. (24,86,120,226,227,279,333,335,336,491,614,615,630,729). Most of these are composed of large hydroxylated fatty acids (mycolic acids as described above) esterified to the disaccharide trehalose to form a trehalose glycolipid (279).…”

Section: Role Of Mycolic Acids In Nocardia-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

Beaman¹,

Beaman²

1994

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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From the very beginning, there has been uncertainty over the taxonomic position of nocardioforms, i.e., bacteria that resemble Nocardia organisms. The specific taxonomy of isolates of this heterogenous group of organisms is still in flux and controversial (275, 278, 403, 404, 420, 584, 676, 699). During the ensuing 100 years, it has been shown that N. asteroides is a heterogeneous taxon (275, 403, 404, 420). It is not within the scope of this review to address this complex subject, yet it is important to note that N. asteroides, as currently defined, probably consists of several subtypes and/or species. These include N. asteroides sensu stricto, N. farcinica, N. nova, and several distinct serotypes and biotypes (278, 403, 404, 698, 699, 727). Regardless of their designation, all of these varieties of the N. asteroides taxon have been isolated from humans and animals with serious (often fatal) infections (93, 584, 698, 699). The other pathogenic Nocardia species appear to be taxonomically more homogeneous and include N. brasiliensis, N. otitidiscaviarum (N. caviae), and N. transvalensis (275, 420). There is even one Nocardia species that infects plants: N. vaccinii, which causes galls on blueberry plants (420).

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Mouse Toxicity Induced by Lipids and Cell Walls Isolated from Actinomycetes

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships

In Vivo Pathogenicity of Actinomycetes (Nocardiopsisdassonvillei) spores on male albino rats.

Nocardia species: host-parasite relationships.

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