Mouse Strain Modestly Influences Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration and Convulsivity of Inhaled Compounds

Abstract

Anesthetic potency differs by modest amounts among inbred, outbred, wild, and laboratory mouse strains. Absence of the neural form of protein kinase C increases minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration for isoflurane, indicating that protein phosphorylation by the gamma-isoform of protein kinase C (PKCgamma) can influence the potency of this anesthetic.

What is unconsciousness in a fly or a worm? A review of general anesthesia in different animal models

“…This stimulus is a tail-clamp; forceps are applied to the base of the tail for 1 min. Using this stimulus, only modest differences in MAC have been found across various in-bred mouse strains (Sonner, Gong, & Eger, 2000;Sonner et al, 1999). For example, the MAC for the C57BL/6J strain is 1.30 vol% isoflurane or 1.28 vol% halothane, and is 1.40 vol% isoflurane or 1.30 vol% halothane for the 129/SvJ strain.…”

“…For the long-tailed macaque, (Macaca fascicularis), the concentration of volatile anesthetic required to prevent responsiveness of 50% of the monkeys to a tail-clamp stimulus is remarkably similar to MAC in humans: 1.28 vol% isoflurane or 1.15 vol% halothane (Tinker, Sharbrough, & Michenfelder, 1977). Even for the lab mouse, Mus musculus, the concentration of isoflurane or halothane required for MAC in response to a 1-min tail clamp stimulus is 1.34 vol% isoflurane or 1.29 vol % halothane (Sonner, Gong, Li, Eger, & Laster, 1999). Therefore, brain size, or number of neurons is unlikely to be important in determining MAC.…”

“…In the nematode, immobility represents complete lack of sinusoidal body movement. Data was obtained from the following sources: a: Crowder et al (1996), b: Friedman et al (2010, c: Tatara, Kamaya, and Ueda (2002), d: Mosley, Dyson, and Smith (2003), e: Bonath and Zschege (1979), f: Naganobu and Hagio (2000), g: Ludders, Mitchell, and Schaefer (1988), h: Ludders, Mitchell, and Rode (1990), i: Ludders (1992), j: Sonner et al (1999), k: White, Johnston, and Eger (1974), l: Drummond (1985), m: , n: Crout (1971), o: MacKenzie (1977), p: Tranquilli, Thurmon, and Benson (1985), q: Steffey, Howland, Giri, and Eger (1977), r: Tinker et al (1977), s: Mapleson (1996). monitoring their activity levels with infrared monitoring systems (Friedman et al, 2010). Originally designed to measure circadian rhythms in the fly (Hamblen et al, 1986), these activity-monitoring systems can in principle be used to study the effects of volatile anesthetics on mobility, as there is a strong correlation between loss of activity and immobility (Shaw, Cirelli, Greenspan, & Tononi, 2000).…”

Isoflurane Inhibits Protein Kinase Cγ and Calcium/Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase II-α Translocation to Synaptic Membranes in Ischemic Mice Brains

“…In ischemic controls, the animals were similarly prepared for 3-or 5-min ischemia groups as shown in the ischemic study (n = 5 each). The remaining 20 animals were exposed to 1 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration; 1.3% [16]) or 2 MAC (2.6%) isoflurane for 10 min in the oxygen chamber (FiO 2 = 0.5). The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and the skulls were incubated in 37 C saline for 3 and 5 min (n = 5 each).…”

Kinetics and potency of halothane, isoflurane, and desflurane in the Northern Leopard frog Rana pipiens

“…One study using an electric stimulus to assess halothane, isoflurane and desflurane MAC in rats report values of 1.23, 1.46 and 6.85 % atm respectively (Laster et al 1993). In different strains of mice MAC values for halothane, isoflurane and desflurane are reported as 1.19 -1.37, 1.31 -1.77 and 6.6 -9.1 % atm respectively (Sonner et al 1999).…”